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Types of Syntactic Connection (Subordination links up elements of…
Types of Syntactic Connection
Coordination
is such a device that links up elements of the same rank.
'Closed' coordination
always unites two components (adversative conjunctions)
'Open' coordination
unites any number of components and we can always add at least one more. (copulative and disjunctive conjunctions)
Subordination
links up elements of different ranks which are called 'head' and 'adjunct'.
free subordination
– the form of the adjunct is predetermined not by the head but by the semantics of the adjunct (the table at the window)
obligatory
– the head regularly combines with a certain adjunct. (be in Moscow)
predetermined
(this book - these books)
optional
– is characterized by a much less rigid connection between the head and the adjunct.
Apposition
forms a specific type of syntactic connection, clearly distinct from subordination
Agreement
– the head makes the adjunct take a similar morphological form. Agreement refers to predetermined but optional subordination. (that house — those houses)
In
government
, the adjunct does not reproduce the morphological categories of the head, but its form, nevertheless, is predetermined by the head.
Prepositional
– with a preposition (I'm looking for Ann) /
non-prepositional
– without any prepositions: (Tell me)
Verbal
(ate them) /
nominal
(Key to the Door)
Strong
– predetermined and obligatory (suits tem) /
weak
– free and optional (a man of the eighteenth century).
Adjoinment
– the components are joined without any change in the morphological forms. Their meaning, word order, and function are significant. (Long practice)
Correspondence
links up interdependent elements. Correspondence realizes predication. In predication, the verbal component says something of the nominal component.
Primary predication
forms a sentence because its components (the subject and the predicate) comprise explicit markers of the predicative categories of modality, tense and person
Secondary predication
is heterogeneous. One can differentiate between two types at least: bound secondary predication and absolute secondary predication.
Accumulation
links up elements whose connection becomes evident only when we take into consideration a third element that does not make part of the group.
Isolation
(free secondary predication) - a third type of secondary predication
Parenthetic elements
are traditionally described as having no syntactic connection with the basic structure of the sentence.
connective elements showing the connection of thoughts
insertions giving additional information related to, but not part of the main message comprised in the basic syntactic unit
modal elements showing the speaker's attitude to the thought expressed in the basic syntactic unit