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Algae and the origin of the eukaryotic cells (origin of eukaryotic cells,…

- - - - lies in cytoplasm
        
        no uncles is present
      - as it grows
        
        plasma membrane expands
        
        pinches in two
    - - identical to animals
        
        and fungi in
        
        structure
        
        metabolism
        
        mitosis
        
        meiosis
    - - located within a nucleus
        
        separated from cytoplasm
      - eukaryotic nuclei are
        
        haploid
        
        diploid
  - - - lack membrane bounded organelles
      - cytoplasm
        
        homogenous
        
        containing only
        
        ribosomes
        
        storage granules
    - - flagella
  - - - DNA is naked
        
        not complexed with proteins
      - negative charges
        
        neutralized by
        
        calcium ions
    - - DNS more elaborate
      - complexed with
        
        nucleosome histones
        
        forming chromosomes
  - - - rise to
        
        clade containing
        
        red algae
        
        green algae
        
        glaucophytes
    - - produced other lines of algae
    - - early eukaryotes
      - involved in one
        
        or several endosymbioses
        
        entire cells of red algae
    - - cytokinesis
      - microtubes oriented parallel
        
        to the plane where the new wall will form
- - - - identical
    - - slightly different
    - - later evolved
    - - only free living generation exists
    - - alteration of species
  - - - orientation of cell divisions
        
        new walls occur on two plates
    - - cells interconnected
        
        by plasmodesmata
        
        true parenchyma tissue is formed
    - - cells are held tightly
        
        by middle flagella
        
        all cells divide transversely
      - holdfast
        
        attached a filament to a rock
    - - cells lose flagella
      - never develop flagella
    - - cells adhere loosely
        
        colony
    - - results if
        
        karyokinesis occurs
        
        without cytokinesis
- - - - and nutrition
    - - parastistic
      - saprophytic
- - - - placed into 36 genera
- - - - embryophytes
      - primary endosymbiosis
- - - - both benefited
  - - - rise to algae and produces true plants