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Outremer from 1149 (Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem 1143-1163 (Civil war w/…

- - - - Baldwin took her constable to Caste at Mirabel and made him leave the kingdom
      - without this support, Melisede had to concede
  - - - when bohemond turned 15, Constance still holding on to power
      - looked to Baldwin for decision when should have looked to Manuel + he chose Bohemond
    - - Manuel married Constance's daughter instead in retaliation meaning that he had influence of Antioch which wasn't what Baldwin wanted
  - - - at 13 Baldwin became King of Jerusalem w/ Melisende as regent
- - - - failed but shows he was secure enough to do this
  - - - nobles were worried she and her brother would gain too much influence
      - Agnes married hugh of Ibelin and Amalric married Maria Comnenus
    - - Baldwin IV would become leper king
      - Sybil would become queen with Guy
- - - - Took lots of land = less income
      - lack of conquests = no new money --> war tax implemented
      - revenues only covered basic needs of kingdom
- - - - Baldwin launched attack on Ascalon
      - good idea because Fatimid crumbling b/c of selfish viziers and Ascalon posed a threat to Jerusalem
      - took lots of men and siege engines
        
        siege lasted months b/c Ascalon could get supplies from the sea
        
        got luck b/c one night Muslims tried to set fire to frank's belfry but wind blew tower against city walls, masonry cracked = breach
        
        Templars sent 40 men to the city but were killed quickly = ceasefire
        
        king tempted to renew siege + after bombardment in August garrison surrendered
        
        Egyptians allowed safe passage + fransk took city, supplies + treasure = victory
    - - Constance of Antioch married Reynald = accepted by Baldwin and Manuel despite being unpopular amongst Antiochene nobility
      - in exchange for Manuel's approval, Reynald had to bring troops to fight for manuel against Armenia
        
        BUT Reynald took Alexandretta b/c he thought it was Antiochene land and Manuel disagreed
        
        Reynald then made peace w/ Armenia's Thoros + then launched attack on Byzantine Cyprus
      - Attack on Cyprus 1156
        
        got money from Antioch's Patriach, Aimery
        
        didn't get along w/ him so Aimery refused but after imprisoning and beating him up, got money = not approved by other leaders
        
        attacked w/ Thoros in spring
        
        not reinforcements for cypriots = island sacked
        
        Rumours of Byzantine fleet = Reynald left
        
        Consequence
        
        Island didn't recover especially after earthquake in 1157
        
        Egyptians begane raiding in 1158
        
        Reynald left wealthier than before
  - - - Nureddin w/ help from Unur of Damascus invaded Antioch
        
        besieged fortress of Inab
        
        Raymond didn't have Frankish allies but did have Assassins
        
        because of Nureddin's poor intelligence his army withdrew despite outnumbering Raymond
      - Raymond then reinforced Inab
        
        Nureddin returned + met Franks
        
        Raymond decided to charge
        
        Raymond failed + died = Nureddin victory
        
        Raymond's widow, Constance, tried to defend Antioch
        
        Nureddin bought off and left
      - Consequences
        
        weakened position of Franks and strengthened Nureddin's position
        
        Joscelin should have got involved because this weakened his position
    - - Joscelin II of Edessa had made a peace deal w/ Nureddin before Battle of Inab
        
        1150: Nureddin broke this, captured Joscelin who was never freed and died in 1159
      - Consequence
        
        both leaders of northern territories gone
        
        Joscelin's widow sold remnants of Edessa to Manuel who lost them to Nureddin a year later