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Alternative Energy Vectors (CHALLENGES (Materials Stability Challenges…
Alternative Energy Vectors
CHALLENGES
Materials Stability Challenges
Better mechanisms to access HVMC/CPI to help assess manufacturability and scale-up.
Large scale demonstration - lack of facilities/funding (1 vote)
Stability of Earth-abundance materials e.g. TCO, catallysts, PV absorbers
Take the 'stable enough material devices' to market (2 votes)
In operando
characterisation (1 vote)
Purification of gas streams e,g. hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide (2 votes)
Environment e.g. corrosion, oxidation
Infrastructural Challenges
generation (link with renewables)
Large scale storage (4 votes)
CCU
Refueling infrastructure
Dispatchability
Linking renewable energy sources to chemical conversion/production of energy vector
General Sector Challenges
Decarbonisation: transport, heating, electricity (5 votes)
Transformation efficiency
Engagement with policy makers, socioeconomic costs and price. Lack of understanding of the true cost of fossil fuels (5 votes)
Coping with intermittent renewables (3 votes)
Round trip efficiencies
Hydrogen and ammonia: low cost scalable production, safety and metrology, new business models (5 votes).
What would be needed to overcome/achieve this?
Materials specific
High efficiency gas compression technologies
High efficiency purification membranes (hydrogen, ammonia, carbon dioxide)
Ion exchange membranes
Self-healing or stability under on/off cycles
Low overpotential for hydrogen evolution or nitrogen activation
Technologies to use moderately pure hydrogen (not 99.99%)
Low pressure gas storage
Infrastructure Specific
Resilient pipeline materials e.g. preventing embrittlement and corrosion
In operando
analysis*
Integration with e.g. wind/PV or heat waste
Stability testing - facility approach
Low-cost measurement of mixed gas streams i.e. sensors got impurity gasses, gas release
Outputs
0 -5 years
Infrastructure for stability testing
Hydrogen from water, 1 kg from 10m2
National facility for
in operando
analysis of catalysts*
Academic Impact
Scientists and engineers connected to take materials to reactors, systems
White paper to align with technology roadmap
Standards/benchmarking
High value reactors and catalysts systems
5 - 10 years
20% efficiency solar hydrogen, 5% solar to ammonia, 5 year stability
10% solar to hydrogen @ 10 years stability; demonstrator
Full scale demonstrators for hydrogen from water
Societal and Economic Impact
More competitive primary industry if integrated to production of energy vectors.
New SMEs, new investment from large companies
Energy security
Health
Decentralised power e.g. rural locations
Linking international renewable energy resources with the UK, e.g. ammonia (or methanol etc.) as energy vectors.
Key stakeholders
Individuals who have both academic and industrial expertise
EU Sunrise FET Flagship
Chemical Industry
Solar Fuels network
Key stakeholders
Materials Stability Challenges
Rare metals - catalysts (3 votes)
Energy costs associated with manufacture and synthesis (2 costs)
TCO's
Green synthesis and large scale production (8 votes)
What would be needed to overcome/achieve this?
Materials Specific
Earth abundant or recyclable catalysts (electrocatalysts, photocatalysts)
Earth abundant catalysts supports - mass transport challenges
Massive renewable infrastructure and production a prior
Fossil fuel based bridging technologies to meet the deep-decarbonisation target by 2050.
Infrastructure
LCA roundtrip efficiency (circular economics)
Capturing carbon dioxide from air (electroltyes)
Large-scale test beds
Reactor engineering
Outputs
0 -5 years
Earth abundant (electro)catalysts
Recyclable materials wider application in the context of Hydrogen/ammonia production
5 - 10 years
Direct solar to fuel at prototype scale
5 year stability
Academic Impact
Roadmap TRL pyramid (definitions)
Bringing the community together
Scalability in the context of 2030 targets must be in the roadmap
Societal and Economic Impact
New business models
Local/decentralised power generation and storage
Policy for adoption and infrastructure and legislation framework
Key materials areas
High value and high performance catalysts
Catalysts, electrolyte and electrode
Ionic liquids
Solar energy capture (complement PV)
Key stakeholders
Public (fuel users)
Automotive industry
Energy/fuel cell companies
New materials discovery, Materials Innovation Factory Liverpool
Non-EPSRC relevance
LCA policy, law/regulation
Recycling LCA (1 vote)
Reduced use, material replacements (1 vote)
IMPACT ON THE FIELD IF RESEARCH IS NOT SUPPORTED
Won't meet 2050 targets
US led research will win out with the likes of Shell and BP
Be more difficult to link decarbonisation of heating, electricity and transport
More difficult to solve grid-scale energy storage problem
CURRENT LANDSCAPE
Current UK Strengths
Catalysts - new catalyst discovery
Biomass and Bioenergy
Ammonia as an alternative vector (need low TRL funding)
Decarbonisation, non-carbon based vectors
Printed electrode design
Hybrid systems: molecules and semiconductors, extended structures
Developing new Materials
Significant Industrial interest (UK based) in hydrogen
Hydrogen generation through new and scalable methods
Current Investments in the Sector
HyNet project (Northwest)
Supergen - Bioenergy
Energy materials network (centres)
Catalysis Hub
Sustainable Aviation Fuels
Siemens - ammonia and hydrogen vectors
ITM Power - electrolyser
Offshore renewable energy catalpult
EPSRC Supergen HFC Hub
Hydrogen CDT SusHy
Current Focus of Work
CCU
Separation membranes