Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endocrine System (Pituitary Gland (master gland of the body, located at…
Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
master gland of the body
located at the base of the brain
divided under two sections
anterior and posterior lobes
anterior lobe - ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, MSH, LH
posterior lobe - ADH, Oxytocin
Parathyroid Glands
attached to thyroid glands
parathormone
regulate amount of Ca in the blood
Ca important for
blood clotting
tone of heart muscle
muscle contraction
Adrenal Glands
located above kidneys - often called supradrenal glands
each has 2 parts
cortex
medulla
secretes steroid hormones which classify to 3 groups
gonadocorticoids
glucocorticoid
mineralcorticoid
epinephrine and norepinephrine
fight or flight
Thymus
in upper part of chest
active in early life - activates cells of immune system
atrophies during puberty
produces thymosin
Placenta
temporary endocrine gland produced during pregnancy
acts as link between mom and child, provides nutrition for infant and promotes lactation
3 hormones
estrogen
progesterone
chronic gonadotropin
expelled after the birth of the child
Endocrine System
group of ductless glands
secretes hormones - directly secreted into blood
pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, adrenal, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal and placenta
Thyroid Gland
synthesizes hormones that regulate the body's metabolism and control level of Ca in the blood
located in neck
requires iodine from food intake
Goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland - hyperactive thyroid
oversecretion of TSH on part of pituitary gland
choking sensation, dysphagia, cough
Hypothyroidism
underactive thyroid gland - 2 forms
cretinism
infancy or early childhood - lack of physical & mental growth which leads to mental retardation
myexedema
occurs in later childhood - adulthood
coarse, dry skin, slow mental function, fatigue, weakness, intolerance to cold, weight gain, edema, puffy eyes, slow pulse
Diabetes Mellitus
chronic condition decrease secretion of insulin
IDDM
Type 1
early in life - more severe
NIDDM
mature onset obese adults
can be controlled with diet and exercise
Type 2
Pineal Body
in brain
exact funtion unknown
secretes 3 hormones
melatonin
serotonin
adrenogomerutropin
Hormones
chemical substances produced and secreted by the endocrine glands
transported throughout the body by bloodstream to perform functions:
stimulate endocrine glands to produce secretions
stimulate other endocrine glands
regulate growth and development
regulate metabolism
maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
control various sex processes
Acromegaly
oversecretion of GH (somatropin) in an adult - caused by benign tumor in pituitary system
bones in hands enlarge - skin and tongue thicken, slurred speech
Gigantism
acromegaly but occurs before puberty hits, excessive growth of long bones
extreme tallness, decrease sexual development, at times mental retardation
Dwarfism
undersecretion of GH
small body size, short extremeties, lack of sexual development
Diabetes Insipidus
decreased amount of ADH (vasopressin), prevents H2O from being absorbed into kidneys
polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, weakness, constipation and dry skin
Hyperthyroidism
overactive thyroid which causes increased production of thyroid hormones & increase metabolic rate
extreme nervousness, tremors, irritability, rapid pulse, diarrhea, diaphoresis, heat intolerance, polydopsia, goiter formation, hypertension, extreme appetite with weight loss
Graves Disease
severe form of hyperthyroidism - more common in women
strained intense expression, exophthalmia, goiter, emotional instability, tachycardia, tremendous appetite with weight loss
Hyperparathyroidism
overproduction of parathormone
results in hypercalcemia - kidney stones, lethargy, GI disorders
Hypoparathyroidism
underactive parathyroid - low levels of Ca in the blood
Tetany, seizures, hyperirritability of NS, twitching, death can occur
Addison's Disease
decrease secretion of aldosterone - interferes w/ absorption of Na and H2O and increases levels of K in the blood
weight loss, muscle weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, diarrhea, fatigue, hypotension, mental lethargy, bronzing of skin color
Cushing's Syndrome
oversecretion of glucocorticoids caused by tumor or excessive production of ACTH
hyperglycemia, hypertension, muscle weakness, fatigue, hirsutism, poor wound healing, bruise easily
Pancreas
behind stomach - fish shaped
endocrine ( islet of langerhans produce insulin) and exocrine (secretes pancreatic juices) gland
Ovaries
female sex glands - located in pelvis
secrete hormones that regulate menstruation and secondary sexual characteristics
Testes
male sex glands - located in scrotal sac
produce hormones that regulate secondary sexual characteristics