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Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells (Red Algae # (Floridean Starch…

- - - - naked
      - :red_cross:completed with proteins
      - calcium ions
      - negative charges
    - - nucleosome histones
      - forming chromosomes
      - long DNA
  - - - cytoplasm
      - no nucleus
      - plasma membrane expands
    - - nucleus
      - two nuclear membranes
  - - - lack organelles
      - homogeneous
        
        ribosomes
        
        storage granules
    - - nuclei
      - mitochondria
  - - - prokaryotic cell
        
        evolved
        
        eukaryotic features
    - - arise
      - photosynthetic
      - primary endosymbiosis
        
        clade
        
        red algae
        
        green algae
        
        glaucophytes
      - secondary endosymbiosis
        
        lines of algae
      - heterokonts
    - - occur in algae
      - unicellular algae
        
        :red_cross:wall
      - phycoplast
- - - - adhere loosely
      - colony
    - - cell lose flagella
      - never develop flagella
    - - cells held tightly
      - middle lamella
      - holdfast
    - - orientation of cell division
      - new walls
        
        two planes
    - - three-dimensional
      - interconnected cells
    - - siphonous body
  - - - alternation generations
      - haploid
      - diploid
    - - specialization
      - one free living
    - - isogamous
        
        identical
      - anisogamy
        
        differences
      - oogamy
        
        later evolved
      - gametangia
        
        sperm cells
        
        microgametangia
        
        egg cells
        
        megagametangia
  - - - chlorophyll a
      - chlorophyll b
      - carotenoids
      - xanthophylls
    - - produced
        
        zygote divides
    - - life cycle
        
        monobiontic
      - only free living
        
        multicellular
      - zoospores
        
        four haploid
      - conjugation
        
        undergo
    - - true parenchymatous growth
      - charophytes
- - - - growing
      - between
        
        high tide
        
        low tide
    - - resemble sieve tube
      - long-distance transport
      - carbohydrates
    - - air bladder
      - blade