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Feudalism in the Middle Ages by Andrie Amor (The Feudal Society (A New…
Feudalism in the Middle Ages by Andrie Amor
The Feudal Society
A New System
Kings In Western Europe/England
Political and Social System
Kings Gave parts of Land
To Lords
Vassals Took Lord's Land
Many Vassals Were Knights
Warriors On Horseback
Organized Their Own army
Paid Taxes On The Land
Pledged Their Military Service
Protected His Vassals
Feudalism
Developed in the 800s
Couldn't Defend Their Kingdoms
A New Social Order
New System Created Social Order
Third
Knights
At Top
The King
Second Came
Church Officials and Nobleman
Included Some Lord And Vassals
Lords Lived In Castles
Guarded By Knights
Fourth Group
Peasants and Serfs
Majority of People
Peasants were farmers
Serfs Were Like Slaves
Gave Their Lord Everything
Crusades
Battle For Palestine
Seljuk Turks
Began to Attack
Christian Byzantine Empire
Pope Urban
Gathered Christians to fight Islam
1096-1099
The Crusades
To Get Back Holy Land
Triumph was short
Muslims fought back
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1099-1144
Emperor asked for Help
Eastern half of Rome
Muslim Rulers
Seized Control of Jerusalem
Pilgrimages to The Holy Land
Also called Palestine
Almost Impossible
A Spanish Crusade
Crusading Fever Didn't Die
Unexpected Impact on Europe
Trade Increased
Europe and Eastern Mediterranean
Ideas and Goods
Rise of a merchant class
Further Decline of Feudalism
Hostility towards Non-Christians Increased
Killed Jews
Palestine
Europe
Expelled From England/France
The Greatest Expulsion Effort
Iberian Peninsula
Present day Spain/Portugal
Muslims conquered the Peninsula
Christian Kings declared war
The Reconquista
Church and Crown
The Role of The Church
Major Things It Did
Promised To Go To Heaven
Buried
Pardoned
Married
Baptized
Religious Leaders
Formed The Clergy
Led by The Pope
Consists of
Bishops
In Charge of Multiple Churches
Priests
In Charge of One Church
Struggle For Power
The Power and Wealth
Increased In The 1000s
Received Free Land
Kings Regained Their Authority
Led to Power Struggle
Ended in 1075
Henry IV Became King
He Ruled Territories In Europe
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Between Kings and Churches
Their Rise Weakened
The Feudal Structure
At The Same Time
War and Plague
Disease Spreads Through World
Europeans Suffered From Disease
Poor Diet
Filthy Living Conditions
Made Sickness Common
Bubonic Plague
Some Believed Caused By Jews
Caused Jewish Towns to Fall
Many Believed a Punishment
Noone Understood It's Cause
Infected Rats Carried Fleas
Traveled Across Land
Easily Spread to Humans
Traveled Across Sea
In Asia
In Europe
In Africa
Lack of Medicine
War Between England/France
William, Duke Of Normandy
Conquered England
William and The Norman Kings
Were Vassals To French Kings
Created a Relationship
Kings From England and France
Over Who Gets What
The King of France Died
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Became It's King
In 1066
Manor system
A Self Contained World
The Rough Accommodations
Part Of The Manor System
The Manor
Included
Farms
One Strip For Peasants and Serfs
One Strip For Lord
One Strip For Church
Pastures
Forests
Lands With Meadows
A Village
Included A Mill
Included A Bakery
Included A Forge
A Church
Manor House
The System's Basic Unit
Self Contained World
Walled In
Peasants
Serfs
Life on the Manor
Life Was Hard
Had A Diet
Cheese
Vegetables
Bread
Performed Hard Physical Labor
Average Lifespan of 30 years
No Time Off
Lord and His Family
Lived In the Manor House
Tiled Floors
Tapestries On The Walls
Fine Furnishings
Ate
Meat
Bread
Fish
Fruit
Growth of Towns
Economic Opportunities Arise
Bubonic Plague
One Third Of The Workforce
Were Killed
Employers Were Desperate For Help
Attracted Workers
Increased Wages
Peasants and Serfs Left
Applied For Jobs in Town
Manor System Fell Apart
Made People Move
Caused More Population
Over Time
Merchant Class Arose
Wealthy Merchants
Burghers
Could Sit on Governing Councils
Traders
Craftspeople
Groups of Craftspeople
Formed Guilds
Shoemakers
Silversmiths
Towns Held Weekly Markets
Local Produce Was Sold
Brought In Trade Goods
The Middle Ages End
Europe
Economical Changes
Cultural Changes
Political Changes
Growth Of Towns
Prosperous Trade
Kings Regained Their Authority
By Taxing Towns
Payed For His Army
People Wanted Knowledge
Universities Were Founded
Monasteries Were Not Useful
King John/Magna Carta
A Step Toward Democracy
King Henry III Angered Nobles
over ruled Henry's authority
Limited His Power
Called a Parliament
Group Of 15 People
Magna Carta
Recognized as
Foundation of English Law
Didn't Benefit Ordinary People
Guarantee Of Individual Rights
Would Impact Democracy
The Great Charter
King John
One of Many English Kings
Became King in 1199
William, Duke of Normandy
Invaded England in 1066
Created A Monarchy In England
Ruled England and Half of France
Failed too Many Expensive Wars
Weakened His Power
Local Barons Staged A Rebellion
Forced John to Seal The Document
Made The King Subject To Law
The Magna Carta
Meant to Be a Contract
Charlemagne
A Christian Empire
Pope Leo III
Crowned Charlemagne
"Emperor of The Romans"
First German Emperor
Charlemagne Was Christian
Loyal Defender of The Pope
Pope Passed Laws
Nobles Lost Some Power
Nobles Rebelled
Stopped The Noble's Rebellion
Pope Leo III
Wars Against Germanic Tribes
Unites The Tribes
To spread Religeon
Conquered The Saxons
Death to Non-Converters
Proved Ruthless
Slaughtering 4000 Saxons
No other resistance
A Mighty Ruler
Administered His Kingdom
Founded Schools
Established New Laws
To Keep Order
Appoint Officials
To Run Faraway Regions
Protected The Weak
Strengthened Christianity
Became Frankish King
768
A Natural Leader
Unite Germanic Kingdoms
Achievable through wars
Lombards
Reigned Into Germany
Slavs
Saxons
Medieval Europe
Rome Fell 476
CE
Started "Middle Ages"
500-1450 CE
From Latin
medium = middle
aevum = age
Germanic tribes conquered
divided into small kingdoms
many thrived thanks to
mountains gave minerals
iron for weapons
crops & livestock
moderate climate
rich soil
abundant forestland gave lumber
water
possible trade routes
fish
sea
rivers
governments got stronger eventually
almost constant war
safety/security challenges
somewhat united by Christianity
Pope
stayed in Rome city
Led Christianity
Franks
Clovis first converted
many subjects did too
spread Christianity's influence
Conquered Roman Gaul 486
Clovis first converted (Franks)
most not before 500 CE
Saxons
Angles
Jutes
destroyed towns
not interested in trade
killed people
no huge Roman army
No strong central government
Franks tribe
obeyed traditions of king
no large central gov.
no written laws
small villages
worked land
tended herds
Previously united Europe
caused W. Europe change
large cities disappeared
trade disappeared