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Chapter 8&9 (Chapter 8 (Thermodynamics (According to the first law of…
Chapter 8&9
Chapter 8
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Thermodynamics
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An isolated system, such as that approximated by liquid in a thermos, is unable to exchange energy or matter with its surroundings
In an open system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of the universe is constant
Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
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According to the second law of thermodynamics,Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Entropy is a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness
Reactions
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energy coupling
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ATP is composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups
enzyme-substrate complex
The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex
While bound, the activity of the enzyme converts substrate to product
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