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Nonvascular plants (Division Bryophyta: Mosses (the gametophyte generation…
Nonvascular plants
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
the gametophyte generation
mosses
ubiquitous
morphology
gametophores
leafy stems
wet areas
plants are more open and loose
water transport
hydroids
innermost cortex composed of cells
leptoids
cells that resemble sieve cells
rhizoids
base of stem
small, multinuclear trichome-like structures
development
protonema
entire network
cell undergoes mitosis
reproduction
antheridia
sperm produced in microgametangia
archegonia
eggs occur in megagametangia
the sporophyte generation
zygote undergoes transverse division
foot
located at the bottom
small, bulbous tissue
capsule
simple apical sporangium
peristome teeth
one or two rows of complex teeth
calyptra
layer of cells derived from the neck of the archegonium
metabolism and ecology
mechanisms for the inability to retain water
grow in permanently moist microhabitats
many of these species thrive at low temps
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
the gametophyte generation
divided into two basic groups
leafy liverworts
moss
thin leaves on slender stem
thallose liverworts
resemble flat and ribbon like
thallus
body wihtout roots, stem, or leaves
stratified and much bigger
arranged as aerenhyma with large chambers
air pores
not stomata
the sporophyte generation
elaters
single, elongate cells
when sporangium open, the elaters uncoil
liverworts
are small plants
have alternation of heteromorphic generations
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
the gametophyte generation
three or four protonemia are produced
only center do they become more than four or five
live less than one year
appear in cool, moist autumn months
have numerous chambers
young plants
mucilage chambers
become invaded
by Nostoc cyanobacteria
recieve nitrogen compounds
the sporophyte generation
not easy to find
hornworts have foot embedded in gametophore tissue
above the foot
a meristem continously produces new sporangium tissues
can grow to up to 12cm in some species
those of hornworts
are multicellular when ready to be released
have columella as in mosses
hornworts
group of small, inconspicuous thalloid plants that growon moist soil
Characters of Nonvascular Plants
Such as mosses
liverworts
hornworts
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
three classes
under division called Bryohpyta