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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts. (Characteristics of…

- - - - division hepatophyta
        
        hepaticas
    - - division bryophyta
        
        musci
    - - division anthocerotophyta
        
        anthocerotae
- - - - lycophytes
  - - - have leaves and roots
  - - - occur inside pollen grains
        
        and ovules
- - - - setae
    - - catlike lid
    - - simple sporangium
      - consists of outer layer of
        
        sterile cells
      - columna
    - - complex teeth
      - respond to humidity
        
        bending outward
        
        and inward
    - - bulbous tissue
      - interface with the gametophore
      - absorbs minerals
        
        and water
    - - layer of cells
        
        from neck of archegonium
  - - - ubiquitous
      - perennial
      - thrive in cities
    - - gametophores
        
        moss plants
        
        grow tightly together
        
        dense mounds
        
        pholia
        
        grimmia
    - - leptoids
        
        resemble sieve cells
        
        elongate
        
        interconnections with other cells
        
        lack nuclei at maturity
        
        retain their cytoplasm
      - rhizoids
        
        small
        
        multicellular tricome-like
        
        anchor at the stem
        
        do not absorb
        
        water
        
        minerals
        
        lack chloroplasts
      - hydroids
        
        elongated cells
        
        dissolve minerals
        
        conduct water
        
        lose their cytoplasm
    - - protonema
        
        branch system of similar cells
        
        filamentous green alga
    - - antheridia
        
        microgametangia
        
        short stalk
        
        outermost layer of sterile cells
      - archegonia
        
        where eggs occur
        
        hollow at maturity
        
        single egg
        
        located at the base
- - - - body without
        
        roots
        
        stems
        
        leaves
    - - not stomata
      - no guard cells
        
        cannot be closed
    - - stalk millimeters tall
      - antheridia grow from super surface
    - - radiate figners
      - has numerous archegonia
  - - - single
      - elongate cells
        
        spring like shaped walls
  - - - small plants
- - - - numerous chambers
  - - - in gametophore tissue
- - - - have neither
        
        nor seeds
        
        vascular tissues
      - often called
        
        bryophytes
        
        have tissues but no seeds
    - - but no seeds
        
        vascular cryptogams
    - - spermatophytes