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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornwarts (Characters of…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornwarts
Concepts
nonvascular plants
no tissues/seeds
bryophytes
mosses
liverworts
hornworts
vascular cryptogams
vascular tissue/ no seeds
clubmosses
scouring rushes
ferns
spermatophytes
vascular tissue/seeds
cycads
conifers
angiosperms
Characters of Nonvascular Plants
mosses
well-known
liverworts
known
hornworts
unfamiliar
embryophytes
#
no vascular tissue
exclusively terrestrial
cuticle
stoma
lifestyle with alterations in:
heteromorphic generations
sporophyte
temporary, more inconspicuous
attached to gametophyte
absorbs minerals
gametophyte
larger in prominant generation
green moss in haploid phase
photosynthetic
cannot grow very large
being small is:
selectively advantageous
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
3 divisions
#
Hepatophyte
liverworts
Bryophyte
mosses
Anthocerotophyta
hornworts
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyta Generation
mosses
ubiquitous
all around the world
perennial
thrive in cities
stems
slender
tissue differentiation
parenchymatous
chlorophyllous
Morphology
gametophores
leafy stems
parts of gametophytes
forming dense mounds
grow from apical mertistem
Water Transport
Polytrichaceae
hydroids
innermost cortex
conduct water
dissolve materials
leptoids
species that have hydroids
rhizoids
trichome-like structures
only anchor the stem
Development
protonema
#
network of branched cells
filamentous green alga
Reproduction
anthreidia
sperms produced in microgametangia
archegonia
eggs in megagametangia
like a long-necked vase
The Sporophyte Generation
embryophytes
gametophyte
megagamete
zygote
nutrition
supplied by grandparents
foot
bulbous tissue
seta
narrow stalk
capsule
apical sporangium
colmella
sporophyte
operculum
cap-like lid
peristome teeth
cell breakage
calyptra
layer of cells
homosporous
all mosses
Metabolism and Ecology
small size
lack of conducting tissues
some grow in where water is present
some are tolerant of desiccation
some are resistant to extreme temperatures
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
The Gametophyte Generation
leafy liverworts
gametophore similar to moss
thallose liverworts
flat, ribbon like
thallus
body w/ no:
roots
stems
leaves
air pores
air chambers
open to atmosphere
no guard cells
cannot be closed
male gametophores
antheridiophore
umbrella-shaped outgrowth
female gametophores
archeogoniophores
The Sporophyte Generation
sporangium
elators
single, elongated cells
w/ spring shaped walls
homosporous
#
liverworts
#
alternation of heteromorphic generations
completely dependent of gametophyte
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
The Gametophyte Generation
ribbon/heart shaped
or disk
young plants
mucilage chambers
symbiosis
The Sporophyte Generation
foot embedded in gametophore tissue
no seta/sporangium
sporangium
spores
green
golden yellow
brown
black
have columella
hornworts
thalloid plants
small
inconspicuous
resemble thalloid liverworts
alteration of heteromorphic generation
characteristic of algae
