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The Fall of the League (Abyssinia (Results (Mussolini drew closer to…

- - - - Mussolini was friendly with Dollfuss, so mobilised Italian troops at the Brenner Pass on the Austro-Italian border
- - - - a far larger navy than Versailles had permitted
- - - - which facilitated the acts of nationalist army general to invade Manchuria
  - - - to distract from Italy's economic problems
  - - - Britain made concession to Hitler in the hope that he would be more peaceful and prevent European conflict
      - Britain couldn't face war with Germany because the US was isolationist after the Wall Street Crash
      - Britain was preoccupied with uprisings in India and its mandate, Palestine
- - - - French government never ratified this
    - - prior to this, the comintern had worked to undermine non-Stalinist Socialist groups
      - now they undermined the fascists too
      - Popular Front government
        
        1936-38L France
        
        1936-39: Spain
- - - - it was mineral rich and vast
    - - armed forces independent of the government
        
        therefore the structure of Japanese society facilitated nationalist action
    - - worried that Chiang-Kai Skek's nationalists would try to kick the Japanese out
  - - - signed a truce with Japan in May 1933 and ordered Zhang to withdraw
      - wanted to defeat the communists first
    - - difficult situation - Manchuria was far away, China was weak and they didn't want to anger Japan
      - condemned the actions and called on Japan to withdraw
      - Japan vetoed the League's decision to buy time - proposed a commission to be established to enquire into Mukden
      - Lytton investigated
        
        Manchuria should be autonomous - but under Chinese sovereignty
        
        caused Japan to walk out of League
      - Manchukuo
        
        US decided on non-recognition of Manchukuo
        
        China appealed to the League
        
        League passed a resolution saying members were not to recognise states taken by force
        
        Japan claimed Manchukuo was an independent country - put Pu Yi (last Chinese Emperor) on the throne as a puppet ruler
      - Why did they Fail to Deal with Manchuria?
        
        USA and USSR not in League
        
        these nations would have had the most to say on the issue
        
        France and Britain fearful of losing their colonies in the Pacific to Japan
        
        Japan able to veto and slow the League's decision
        
        Britain and France had some sympathy as Japan presence in Manchuria was already large
        
        Britain and France occupied with Great Depression - eager to avoid conflict
- - - - it would have given Italy part of Abyssinia
    - - so Mussolini was valuable
  - - - received nothing
  - - - ineffective because:
        
        it was 6 weeks after the invasion
        
        non-League countries continued to trade
        
        Britain and France didn't close the Suez canal
        
        it did not include products like oil, steel etc.
        
        Britain and France still wanted to be friends with Mussolini so they only restricted products like rubber
        
        Lag time
    - - Hoare (Britain) and Laval (France) made a secret agreement
      - 2/3 of Abyssinia would be given to Mussolini and separate land to Haile Selassie as compensation
      - Leaked - they lost their jobs
      - Mussolini conquered Abyssinia in May 1936
        
        sanctions ended because they had failed
  - - - Rome-Berlin Axis in October 1936
      - Friendship and Trade agreement