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Biology 10 (Evolution (Natural Selection (mechanism of evolution) (process…

- - - - REQUIRES
        
        Natural Variation
        
        Different species within a population
        
        Mutations (changes in the order of bases in DNA)
        
        Point Mutations
        
        Involve the substitution of a single base in the DNA sequence
        
        3 more items...
        
        Frameshift Mutations
        
        insertion or deletion of a base in the DNA sequence, causes domino effect in the reading frame of codon, usually severe
        
        Sexual Reproduction
        
        Differential Reproduction
        
        individuals with traits that make them better suited for their environment are more likely to reproduce, and their offspring will make up more of next generation
        
        Heritable Traits
        
        Traits that can be passed down to the next generation
    - - A trait produced through natural selection that increases fitness
        
        FITNESS (the ability of an individual to produce fertile offspring)
- - - - Segments of DNA, one gene codes for one protein
    - - organized structures of alleles wrapped around proteins
    - - codes for a certain trait
        
        Dominant
        
        trait more likely to be reproduced
        
        Recessive
        
        trait less likely to be produced
      - Homozygous Pairs
      - Heterozygous pairs
      - Gamete
        
        the alleles that compose the genotypes of the parents
    - - refers to genetic makeup
    - - physical outcomes that can be observed
    - - what makes up a protein
    - - similair to DNA except single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine
        
        Codons
        
        mRNA code divided into triplets to look up in a table
    - - scan the DNA and fix flaws caused by radiation, chemicals, and reading mistakes
  - - - a mix of alleles creates a trait neither of the parents have (e.g curly + straight = wavy)
        
        a cross between organisms with 2 different phenotypes produces a 3rd phenotype that is in-between of parental traits (eg cross between blue and white species of bird makes silver, CBCB x CWCW = CBCW
    - - both traits show up, produced as heterozygous (e.g black + red = calico)
        
        3rd phenotype, but not a mix, both traits are shown (eg white cow is crossed with roan cow makes roan calf, CWCW x CRCR = CRCW