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Metabolism and Cellular Respiration (Chapter 9 (Glycolysis (the breakdown…
Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 8
Enzyme Substrate Complexes
The enzyme binds to its substrate or substrates, this is temporary and these are weak bonds
E.g Amylase and Amylose -The complex severely reduces the amount of energy required to start the reaction, which increases the time in which it happens.
Exergonic Reactions
"Energy Outward" a release of free energy this causes G to decrease, spontaneous reaction
E.g. Cellular Respiration
Energy Coupling
the use of exergonic process to drive an endergonic one, ATP is responsible for this, and it is the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work
E.g. glucose + phosphate becomes glucose.6.phosphate
Endergonic Reactions
"Energy inward", absorbs free energy from the surroundings, G increases, and is positive
E.G Photosynthesis
Chapter 9
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Oxygen is consumed as a reactant with organic fuel, most eukaryotic cells, and many prokaryotic cells perform this
Reactants : glucose, oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water, ATP
Anaerobic Respiration/ Cellular Respiration
Using substances other than oxygen as reactants in a similar process. Reactants glucose, electron acceptor products Carbon dixoide, ATP
Lactic Acid fermentation
Pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product, regenerating NAD with no release of CO2
E.G making yogurt or cheese
Alcohol fermentation
Release carbon dioxide from pyruvate, which is converted to acetaldehyde (two compound carbon)
Acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to ethanol which makes NAD+ which is needed for glycolysis
E.g yeast
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid
Transition Reaction
converts the two molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvate from glycolysis into two molecules of the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A and carbon dioxide.
Electron Transport chain
transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
Krebbs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Further Oxides organic fuel derived from pyruvate
