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Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cell... (Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyll…
Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cell...
Cyanophyta
Primary Endosymbiosis
Rhodophyta
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Secondary Symbiosis
Haptophyta
Karenia sp.
Heterokontophyta
Kryptoperidinium sp.
Cryptophyta
Dinophysis sp.
Dinophyta
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Lepidodinium sp.
Glaucophyta
Land Plants
Chlorophyta
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Secondary Symbiosis
Chlorarachniophyta
Euglenophyta
Prokaryotic Ancestor
Primary Plastid
Pheophyceae
Brown Algae.
Littoral zone
The region between low tide and high tide.
Can found most easily on rocky coasts
Also known as intertidal zone.
Almost exclusively marine.
Few fresh water species are known.
laminarin
No starch
Storage product of brown algae.
A polymer of glucose.
Mannitol
Fats
Diatoms
Yellow Green Algae.
Occurs mostly in fresh water.
Vaucheria
Golden-Brown Algae.
Rhodophyceae
Floridean Starch
Polymer of glucose somewhat similar to glycogen.
They are not found in chloroplast.
Excess from photosynthesis is stored.
Granular in Cytoplasm
Red algae
It comprise of large group of distinct fungus.
Fascinating Algae
Pit connections
are distinctive.
No plasmodesmata.
Chlorophyceae
Pigments
Chlorophyll a, b
Localized in definite chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are discoid, plate like, reticulate cup-shaped, spiral, ribbon shaped.
Reproduction
Vegetative by fragmentation.
Asexual by flagellated zoospore.
Sexual reproduction
Anisogamous
Oogamous
Isogamous
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll A
It is a primary photosynthetic pigment.
Chlorophyll C
It is found in certain marine algae.
Chlorophyll B
Collects the energy and passes it on to chlorophyll A.
Other Pigments
Carotenoids
yellow/orange/red
Xanthophyll
example fucoxanthin-yellow
Plant body may be unicellular, colonial or filamentous.
Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets.
Green Algae.
Green Algae usually have a rigid cell wall.
Inner wall made of cellulose.
Outer layer of pectose.
Body Construction in green Algae.
Filamentous bodies
Results if cells are held tightly by middle lamella and if all cells divide transversely.
Motile Colonies
If cells adhere loosely.
Colonies are formed at the end.
Not an individual organism.
Coenocytic
Siphonous body
Results if there is no karyokinesis without cytokinesis.
giant multinucleate cell result.
Non-motile colonies.
Occur if the cells loose their flagella or never develop them.
Parenchymatous Body
If cell division occurs equally in three division.
Bulky.
Three Dimensional.
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells.
DNA Structure
Naked
Not complex with proteins.
-ve charge neutralized by calcium ions.
In Eukaryotes
being complexed with nucleosome histones,
Forming chromosomes.
DNA is more elaborately packaged.
Nuclear structure and Division.
Eukaryotes have true nucleus.
DNA of prokaryotes lies in cytoplasm.
Plants Nuclei are
metabolism
fungi like structure
mitosis
Virtually identical to those of animals.
meiosis
No nucleus is present.
Organelles
Cytoplasm is rather homogenous.
Containing only ribosomes and storage granules.
Origin of mitochondria and plastids: The endosymbiont theory.
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