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CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES (CHEMOTHERAPY (Side effects (Fever, Pain and…
CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES
CHEMOTHERAPY
Side effects
Fever
Pain and easy bruising
Fatigue
Hair loss
Peripheral neuropathy
Infertility
Diarrhea or constipation
Damage to lung tissue
Nausea and Vomiting
Kidney problems
Contraindications
First trimester of pregnancy
Thrombocytopenia
Infection
Liver and kidney impairement
Definition
Use of one or more drugs in order to destroy fast growing cancerous cells
It may also be used to shrink a tumour before surgery
Management
To those using a catheter for their IV chemotherapy, it has to properly cared for in order to prevent infection
A patient has to minimize his or her workload during chemotherapy
A correct dose has to be used together with the right route and frequency
Pathophysiology
It works throughout the body
It can also affect some fast-growing healthy cells
It targets cells that divides quickly
Thus resulting in the most common side effects
Health education
Patients must have a support system, it can friends,family and (or) other people suffering from cancer
They must also learn to embrace the physical changes occurring on their bodies
They should also a develop a habit of eating a healthy balanced diet
They should always get good adequate sleep and drink enough water
They must adhere to the terms of their chemotherapy
RADIATION THERAPY
Side effects
Hair loss
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
Skin irritation
Tissue inflamation
Fatigue
Secondary cancer due to radiation exposure
Stiffening and restricted movement
Definition
Its the use of waves of radiation to treat cancer and tumours
Usually used in thyroid disease, blood disorder and other non-cancerous disorder
Management
A patient must be assisted with the daily self care activities
Instructions given by the radiation department has to be followed
Daily assessment on skin, oropharyngeal mucosa, nutritional status and the general feelings of the patient has to be done
The procedure has to be explained in the patient's level of education in order to alley anxiety
Patient must be re-assured that the side effect will subside once the radiation therapy is completed
Health education
Apply sunscreen when going outdoors preferably with 50 SPF
Avoid extreme temperature e.g using hot tub for a bath
Avoid prolonged direct sun exposure
Avoid clothes that are too tight or that causes friction
Not to panic when skin resembles 'sunburn' as its one of the side effects
And not to scratch or exert friction in those but rather tap on them especially when they itch or when bathing
Pathopysiology
The radiation may affect the healthy tissues next to the tumour
To ensure accurate placement of radiation therapy, the treatment is often simulated before the real treatment is administered
It slows their growth and shrinks the tumour
It involves powerful waves of energy disrupting the ability of cancer cells to grow and divide
PAIN MANAGEMENT
Side effects
Sleepiness or drowsiness
Confusion
Nausea and (or) vomiting
Hallucinations
Constipation
Types of pain relief strategies
Changing perception of pain i.e some medication change how your body feels pain making it more tolerable
Interfering with the pain signals sent to the brain, this include medication given directly in the spine
Treating the original source of pain
Causes
Treatment related pain e.g chemotherapy
Post operative pains
Pain from the tumour
Medication
Anti emetics
Anti depressants
Muscle relaxers
Anti convulsions
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine
Radio-pharmaceuticals and biphosphanates
Steroids
Definition
The use of analgesia in order to manage pain in patient's with cancer or the side effects of it treatment
Health education
Drink adequate water to avoid constipation and renal failure
Do regular minor and not stranious exercises
Avoid driving or controlling heavy machines after taking the medication
Take the required dose to avoid either resistance or addiction
Do not wait until you're in pain in order to take the pain medication