Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome

Signs and symptoms

Deteriorating mental status

Confusion

Coma

Sizures

Hypovolumic shock

Renal failure

Myocardial infaction

Multiple organ failure

Arterial thrombosis

Increased cardiac workload

Nursing management

Maintain fluid administration

Monitor intake and output

Monitor heart rate

Monitor central nervous pressure

Report dysythmias

Nurse in cot bed

Maintain adequate airway

Manage sizures

Insert catheter

Maintain back and pressure points

Risk factors

Obesity

Diet and lifestyle

Race group

Genetic factors

Pathophysiology

It occurs as a result of insuline defeciency,the pancreause produces little or no insuline,the organs that requires insuline are the liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue.glucose and amino acid uptake into blood stream fails and levels of amino acids uptake into blood circulation are elevated.ingestion of carbohydrates worsen the situation because metabolised glucose is not utelised glucose levels rises until kidneys are unable to cope with reabsorption of glucose from glumerular flitrate resulting glycosuria.

Nursing assessment

The classic symptoms are Polyurea,polydipsia,polyphagia,weightloss, fatigue and blurring vision.

Late symptoms are coma,and chronic complications.

Diagnostic studies

Oral glucose Tolerance test

Fasting blood glucose

Random plasma glucose