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Reasons for the Red Scare (The Cold War (Soviet Expansion in Europe (1947…
Reasons for the Red Scare
The Cold War
Cold War begins
February-July 1945, communist governments are
set up in liberated Eastern European countries
viewed by US as an invasion of Europe
16th July 1945, USA successfully test the atomic bomb
Soviets view this as a threat
Stalin boosts development of Soviet atomic bomb
6th and 9th August, US drop 2 atomic
bombs on Japan
Soviet Expansion in Europe
1947-48, countries under Soviet influence become communist
by 1950, all countries in Eastern Europe
were communist
had become satellite states
1948, Greece becomes communist
Some countries were taken by force
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
March 1947, US announce
Truman Doctrine
Help countries resisting communism
wanted to also give financial help
Marshall Plan gave millions of dollars
to aid countries after WW2
Stalin refused aid for Eastern
Europe, as aid was viewed
as US influence
Berlin Crisis
1945, Germany and Berlin
divided into 4 zones
1946, USA, Britain and France
secretly combined zones
to make Western Germany
1948, signs of Western Germany
recovering after WW2, threatening
Soviet Union
June 1948, Stalin blocks lines to stop
services to West Berlin
Western Allies sent supplies
by aircraft
May 1949, Stalin reopened lines
Cold War escalates
August 1949, Soviets test atomic bomb
US shocked and afraid
Soviet Union supporting
Chinese and Korean Wars
China becomes communist in 1949
1950, North Korea invades the South
UN help South Korea push North
back to original borders
provokes China to join and help North Korea
fighting ends in July 1953
Events in the USA
FBI
Hoover sets up the Federal Loyalty Board
1947-51, 3 million government workers
suspected of being communist
3 000 fired or forced to resign
House Committee on
Un-American Activities
set up in 1938
1947, started public hearings
FBI secretly passing intelligence to HUAC
Hollywood Ten
October 1947
19 out of 41 Hollywood workers
accused to be communist
10 refused and pledged
the First Amendment
all 10 jailed for 1 year
and were blacklisted
gave HUAC publicity
Hiss Case
1948, HUAC hearing
Hiss denied being communist
went to trial in 1949 and
arrested for 5 years in 1950
never convicted of spying
Richard Nixon claimed Hiss
had been leaking info
to the Soviets about the atomic bomb
Alger Hiss worked in the State Department
and worked with Roosevelt
Rosenberg Case
February 1950,Klaus Fuchs
arrested in Britain for spying
named other spies,
including David Greenglass
Greenglass arrested in the USA &
named Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
denied all charges of spying
at trial in March 1951
found guilty and were executed
on 19th June 1953
Impact of FBI and HUAC
protests over Rosenberg case
communist conspiracy in USA
fear increased
McCarron Internal Security Act
passed in August 1950
strengthened in 1952
communists couldn't get US passports
anyone suspected of subversion
could be put in a detention camp
without a trial
communists weren't allowed certain jobs
Number of prosecutions, public nature of HUAC's hearings
made Americans worry about communism being everywhere