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Treatment modalities of cancer (pain management (do ongoing assessment and…
Treatment modalities of cancer
pain management
do ongoing assessment and adjustments must be made to facilitate effective medication
involve the family should be encouraged to support the patient
ensure emotional support to the pateint
administer analgesics as prescribed by the doctor such as strong opioid medications such as morphine for severe pain
ensure comfort to the patient
mild to moderate pain may be relief by aspirin, acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as prescribed by the docter
encourage to attend support group meeting to help them to use good psychological coping machanism
massage as a relaxation technique can relief pain
surgery to remove a tumor or shrink a tumor can relief pain.
chemotherapy
chemotherapy is a systemic treatment modality which enables drugs to reach the site of the tumour, including distant sites. chemotherapy is effective in cancer such as choriocarcinoma.
Destrong any remaing cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy called adjuvant chemotheray
makes other therapies (biological or radiation) more effective
It shrink a tumor before radiation therapy called called neoadjuvant chemotherapy
it destroy cancer cells that return or spread to other parts of your body
To relief cancer symptoms such as pain
To control the tumor growth before surgery when cure is not possible.
radiation therapy
radiation therapy is a techniques used as a diagnostic tool as well as a therapeutic agent. radioactive isotopes and compounds are used in diagnosing some cancers, such as iodine in thyroid diseases.
Radiation cure cancer as in thyroid carcinomas localized cancers of the head and the neck
interstitial brachytherapy which is a modalities in radiation ,it treat. treated with the temporal implants include soft tissue sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in the treatment of prostate cancer
brachytherapy brachy refers to the replacement of the radioactive seed or source inside or next to tumour. the seed deliver radiation directly to the tumor, potentially sparing surrounding the healthy tissue better than external beam therapy.
intensity modulated therapy this radiation aim to deliver a dose to tumor and diminish the dose to adjacent normal structure.
intravascular brachytherapy place the catheter with the sealed sources inside the blood vessels. this method is used to treat the coronary artery stenosis in the ischemic heart disease.
:particles radiation therapy utilized subatomic particles instead of x rays or gamma rays to deliver the dose of radiation. this particle radiation therapy allows for dose localization and superior depth dose distribution with heavy charged particles such as protons. it else high-linear- energy-transfer particles
proton therapy has higher linear energy transfer than x-rays .when heavy charged particles such as proton passes through tissue the dose it deposit increases slowly with depth then reaches at its maximum depth of the penetration.
surgery
hospital preoperative care
pre-operative assessment, check anxiety
patient must must understand the procedure and also risks
patient must be nil per mouth hours depend on the type of surgery
monitor patient's vital signs
informed consent must be signed by the patient
patient must be physically ready for surgery
postoperative care
monitor patient's vital signs
check site where the patient was operated for any bleeding or infections
ask the patient to take deep breaths to assess lung function
watch for signs of allergic reaction as patient was given anesthesia
check intake and output to detect any abnormalities
educate the patient to take light meals at home
give post surgical appointments
preoperative care before hospitalisation
make sure that patient know surgery date
give pre-surgery instructions on foods, drink and medication
make sure that the patient understands the arrival time
there must be contact list of family, friends etc for support
tests before cancer surgery must be done
patient must bring toiletries or every thing he will need if he will be admitted after surgery