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The 4 Noble truths- Suffering and craving (Potentially 2 marker) (What are…
The 4 Noble truths- Suffering and craving (Potentially 2 marker)
What are the 4 noble truths?
The Four Noble Truths comprise the essence of Buddha's teachings:
All life involves suffering
The truth of the cause of suffering
The truth of the end of suffering
Truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering.
3 Makrs of existence: Dhukka, anicca and anatta
Dhukka: There are 3 types
-Suffering-,mental and physical
-Change
-Attachment
There are 7 states of suffering:
-sorrow and despair
contact with unpleasant things
-not getting what one wishes
-sickness
-death
-old age
-birth
The 1st and 2nd Noble Truth:
The First Truth identifies the presence of suffering. The Second Truth, on the other hand, seeks to determine the cause of suffering.
2nd Noble Truth
The Buddha taught that 1 main cause of suffering is Tanha (craving), a desire to hold on to pleasurable experiences or feelings.
Due to impermanence/temporary satisfaction, It is not possible for constant happiness to remain resulting in further craving for things that please the senses, become something/someone you are not or craving non-existence.
Tanha is rooted at ignorance (moha), one of the 3 poisons represented by the 3 creatures in the middle of the wheel of life, which is the source of evil and negative mental states. Moha leads to greed and hatred, resulting in negative karma, unskillful actions and a cycle of finding conflict.
Hatred and greed cause us to have self serving and dishonest intentions = acting unethically and immorally.
This ongoing cycle results in dhukka symbolised through the quote - "Hatred does not cease through hatred at anytime but ceases through love, This law is unalterable."
Overall craving for external things (anatta) that were impermenant (annica) leads to dhukka as it is a reduction of reality.
The 3rd Noble Truth
The 3rd noble truth (nivodha) is the cessation of dhukka and the realisation that through actions and efforts, suffering can be eliminated leading to enlightenment
The act of carrying out the duty in regards to the 2nd noble truth meaning abandoning forms of craving to stop dissatisfaction.
That does not mean avoiding all things you enjoy but simply enjoy but also recognise that they will not last forever- Enjoying without becoming too attached.
"It is the remainderless fading away and cessation of that craving and freedom and nonreliance on it."
The 4th Noble Truth
The Fourth Noble truth charts the method for attaining the end of suffering, known to Buddhists as the Noble Eightfold Path and the middle way
the path to nirvana (which is a transcendent state free from suffering and liberation of samsara), comprising eight aspects which must become practised: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.