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Nervous System Master Control & Communication (PNS Communication…
Nervous System
Master Control & Communication
PNS
Communication
Body
Components
Ganglia
Clusters of Cell Bodies
Nerves
Collection of axons in PNS
Cranial Nerves
To & From Brain
Spinal Nerves
To & From Spinal Cord
Surrounded by Schwann Cells
Both Myelinated & Nonmyelinated Axons
Neuroglia
Support Cells
Satellite Cells
Moons or Satellites around Planet
Structural Support
Regulate what enters & leaves the Neuron cell bodies
Surround Neuron Cell Bodies in Ganglia
Schwann Cell
Myelination
Surround all Axons
Motor
Efferent
Division
Motor Output from CNS
Somatic Motar
Voluntary
Skeletal Muscles
Somatic Motor Fiber
Contraction
Visceral Motor
Autonomic Nervous System
Involuntary
Sympathetic Division
Fight or Flight
Parasympathetic Division
Rest and Digest
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Exocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
Visceral Motor Fiber
Contraction & Secretion
Sensory
Afferent
Division
Sensory Input to CNS
Somatic Sensory Fibers
Location
Body Wall
Skin
Limbs
Senses
Vibration
Touch
Pressure
Temperature
Pain
Visceral Sensory Fibers
Location
Digestive & Urinary Tracts
Reproductive Organs
Ventral Body Cavity
Senses
Stretch
Pain
Temperature
Chemical Changes
Sensory Neurons
Pseudounipolar
CNS
Receives, Interprets, Dictates
Neuroglia
Support Cells
Astrocyte
Star-Shaped, Many Processes
Largest & Most Abundant
Blood Vessels & Neuron Processes
Maintain Chemical Environment
Regulate Neurotransmitter Levels
Microglia
Elongated, Pointed Projections
Phagocytes
Destroy Pathogens
Clean up dead cells
Smallest & Least Abundant
Ependymal Cells
Cubodial/Columnar Epithelium
Cilia to help circulate CSF
Lines Ventricles
Microvilla
Increase Surface Area
Absorb stuff from blood vessels
Oligodendrocytes
Few Branches
Myelination
Groups wrap around cell processes & axons
White Matter
External
Tracts
Myelinated
No Neuron Cell Bodies
Axons Only
Conducting messages one place to another
Gray Matter
Internal
Cell Body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Not Myelinated
Cortex
Additional Superficial Layer
Spinal Cord
Butterfly-Shaped
Surrounds hollow Central Cavity
Body
Components
Brain
Spinal Cord
Neuron
Nerve Cell
Anatomy
Cell Body
Receiver of Signals
Nucleus
Control Center
Nucleolus
Makes Ribosome Units
Chromatophilic Substance
Creates New Plasma Membrane
Axon Hillock
Cone-Shaped Site for Axon
Dendrites
Receptor Sites
Axon
Impulse Generator & Conductors
Axon Collaterals
Branches along Axon
Terminal Arborization
Collection of Branches at Axon End
Terminal Buttons
Axon End
Structure
Number of Processes
from Cell Body
Multipolar
Many Processes & Single Axon
Most Abundant
Found in CNS
Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
One Process forms Central & Peripheral
Found in PNS
Sensory Ganglia
Bipolar
Two Processes, Dendritic & Axon
Rare
Found in some Special Sensory Organs
Functional Type
Direction of Nerve impulse
Motor Neurons
Efferent
Impulses AWAY from CNS
Multipolar
Cell bodies in CNS
Form Junctions with Effector Cells
Sensory Neurons
Afferent
Impulses TOWARD CNS
Pseudounipolar
Cell body in Ganglia out CNS
Interneurons
Between Sensory & Motor
Multipolar
Only in CNS
99.98% of Neurons in body
Functions
Sensory Input
Carry Toward CNS
Sensory Neurons
Somatic Body Region
Integration
Processes
Interprets
Happens in CNS
Motor Output
Away CNS
Motor Neurons
Visceral Body Region