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PREPOSITIONS (FUNCTIONS (adjuncts (place (LOCATION: IN, within, out,…
PREPOSITIONS
FUNCTIONS
Noun post-modifiers
Adjectival complements (dependent prepostions) : fond of, good at, with, for
Prepositional particles + verbs = prep verbs
emphatic indirect object
discourse connectives
disjuncts
conjuncts
Additive: in addition
Adversative: on the contrary
Causal: for that reason
Conditional: in that case
Comparative: in the same way
Concessive: on the other hand
Exemplifying: for example
Explanatory: In other words
Purpose: for that purpose
Resultative: in consequence
Referential: in that respect
Summative: in short
Temporal: at the same time
adjuncts
direction
TO; toward, towards, from ; INTO, out of, in & out; ONTO; Off; up; down; up&down; across, through, throughout, past, along.
place
LOCATION: IN, within, out, inside, outside, ON, off, AT
SPATIAL RELATION: below, beneath, under, underneath, above, over, on top of, opposite, in front of, behind, by, beside, round, around, between, among, amongst, amid, amidst.
time
IN; ON; AT, about, around
frequency
ON: on numerous occasions
duration
for, during, through, throughout, over, since, from, to, until, till, up to, by, by the time, by them, within
time relations
Before, after
manner
in, with, like, unlike, as
means
By
method or way of ding something
means of transport (in, on)
means of communication (thorugh)
authorship
idioms: by all means
instrument
with, without (with a branch / by a branch)
reason
owing to, due to, beacause of, on account of
purpose
for
CHARACTERISTICS
usually preceeds its complement but...
wh-questions: who is this for?
relative clauses: The house I was telling you about is for sale
wh-clauses : What I am convinced of is that the world is going to disappear.
exclamations: What a mess he´s got into!
passives: she was sought after by all the leading agents
infinitive clauses: He´s impossible to work with
ing clauses: He's worth listening to
complemented by:
noun phrase:
road to paris
wh-clause:
I can´t live on what they pay me
ing-clause:
Her was fined for speeding.
simple vs complex
adverb + prep // verb/ adjective/ conjuct + prep /// prep 1 + noun + prep 2
head of the prepositional phrase (no possible without complementation)
closed word class
never used with out complementation vs. PARTICIPIAL ADVERBS
never used with infinitive or that clauses vs VERBAL PARTICLES
formal vs informal