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Metabolism/ Energy/ Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic respiration (Types of…
Metabolism/ Energy/ Cellular Respiration
Metabolism
Speed up the process in terms of Enzyme
Act as a catalyze
Substrate
when there are two or more reactants then it can form enzyme-substrate complex
Product (product(s) <>Enzyme+
Reactants (Substrate)-(Enzyme + <>Enzyme-substrate complex
Active Site
Key and hole
I
nduced fit
-like a clasping handshake.
pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme where catalysis occurs
Enzyme Activities
Cofactors
found in permanent residents
organic molecules refers to coenzyme-vitamin
Inorganic-metal, zinc, iron and copper.
Enzyme inhibitors
Irreversible
Noncompetitive inhibitors
impede enzymatic reaction which in return change shape
Competitive inhibitors
reduce productivity of enzyme block active site
Temperature and pH
Help control metabolism
cooperativity (Bind to inactive to stabilize)
inhibitors (stabilize the inactive form of the enzyme.
Feedback Inhibition (Prevents from making more)
Positive
Negative
Allosteric inhibition-stabilize inactive form
activator (stabilize the shape)
Allosteric Activators-stabilize active form
Activation Energy
Molecules so the bond can break
Activation Energy with enzyme will go as slower
Activation energy without enzyme will have goes much faster
Catabolic
Spontaneous
Increase Entropy
Exergonic(Release of free energy)(Energy outward)
Output Energy
-:warning:G(Decrease in free energy)
EX: Cellular Respiration
Anabolic
Building molecules, consuming energy.
Non-Spontaneous
Edergonic( absorb energy from sorrounding )(sponge)
Decrease entropy
+:warning:G (increase in free energy)
Input energy
EX: Photosynthesis
Energy/Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Study of energy transformations
Second Law of Thermodynamic
Energy transfer or transformation increase the disorder (entropy) of the universe
EX: Running
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Ex: Chewing food
Energy
Capacity to cause change
Potential
No motion( Movements)
EX: Water behind the Dam
Chemical Energy-Release in chemical reaction
Kinetic
relative motion of objects
EX: Ball rolling down the hill
Thermal Energy-movement of atoms or molecules
Cellular Respiration
Creation of ATP
3) Kreb Cycle ( Citric Acid
Located on mitochondrial matrix/ require no oxygen
Reactant
2 ATP
4 CO2
Product
2 ADP + 2P
2 Acetyl CoA
2) Transition reaction
Located on Mithochondria/ No oxygen required
Reactant
2 Acetyl Co A
2 Carbon Dioxide
Product
2 pyruvate acid
2 Coenzyme A
4) Electron Transport System (ETS)
Located in inner mitochondrial membrane/Oxygen requirement-aerobic
Product/ Reactant
Reactant
32 or 34 ATP
NAD+
H2O
FAD
Product
10 NADH
O2
2 FADH2
H+
ADP, P
interdependent to each other
Oxidative Reduction
Oxidation=Loss of electrons
Reduction= Gaining of Electrons
Chemiosmosis
The Energy-Coupling Mechanism
Flow of H+ across the membrane
1)Glycolysis
Located near Mitchondria/No oxygen required
Reactant
2 ATP
2 pyruvate Acid
Product
1 Glucose
2 ADP + 2 P
Anaerobic Respiration
without oxygen
Fermentation
Aerobic Respiration
with oxygen
Catabolic Pathway
Anaerobic respiration
Without the use of oxygen
Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
pyruvate, reduce o NADH and form lactate as the end product
Muscle cell make ATP by lactic fermentation when it is scarce to oxygen
AChes
Inflammation
PAIN
they can be use to dairy industry to make cheese and yogurt.
alcohol fermentation
pyruvate converted to ethanol
Yeast also carry alcohol fermentation
Bacteria carry alcohol fermentation
organism that have electrons and do not use oxygen
Faculatative VS. Obligate
Faculatative Anaerobe
Survive using either fermentation or respiration
EX: Muscle cell
Yeas and many BActeria
Obligate Anaerobe
can't survive in the presence of oxygen
Treponemes
carry only fermetnation or anaerobic respiration
