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Feudalism and the Middle Ages by Anthony period 7 (Church and Crown (Monks…
Feudalism and the Middle Ages by Anthony period 7
Medieval Europe
Rome Fell 476 CE
Started "Middle Ages"
500-1450 CE
From Latin
medium = middle
aevum = age
Germanic tribes conquered
divided into small kingdoms
many thrived thanks to
mountains gave minerals
iron for weapons
crops & livestock
moderate climate
rich soil
abundant forestland gave lumber
water
possible trade routes
fish
sea
rivers
governments got stronger eventually
almost constant war
safety/security challenges
somewhat united by Christianity
Pope
stayed in Rome city
Led Christianity
Franks
Clovis first converted
many subjects did too
spread Christianity's influence
Conquered Roman Gaul 486
Clovis first converted (Franks)
most not before 500 CE
Saxons
Angles
Jutes
destroyed towns
not interested in trade
killed people
no huge Roman army
No strong central government
Franks tribe
obeyed traditions of king
no large central gov.
no written laws
small villages
worked land
tended herds
Previously united Europe
caused W. Europe change
large cities disappeared
trade disappeared
Charlemagne
C.742-814
Frankish king in 768
Proved to be natural leader
Wanted to unite Germanic Kingdoms
Kingdom of the vandals
Kingdom of the vandals
Burgundian Kingdom
Kingdom of the Franks
Kingdom of the Visgoths
Kingdom of the Sueves
To achieve:battled tribes
The slavs
The Lombards
The Saxons
Slaughtered 4,000+
Ably administered kingdom
Established new laws
Kept order
A pointed officials
Kept tabs yearly
Took care of subjects
Founded Schools
Protected weak against injustice
Battled to spread Christianity
Not Christian: Death Sentence
Achieved to do so
Srongest leader in W Europe
Wanted to spread Christianity
Was Christian
Loyal defender of pope
Stopped rebellion against pope
Crowned emperor of Rome
Pope crowned him
First German emperor
Guardian of Christianity
Hobbies
Hunting
Swimming
Died by fever
Swimming in favorite springs
Feudal System
Developed by the 800's
Kings
Inherited position
Can't rule without nobleman
Gave land to nobleman
Church Officials and Noblemen
often+ power then king
Often
Also known as lords
Gave land to >noblemen
Lesser Noblemen
Also know as vassals.
Paid taxes
Military service to lord
Pledged
Make own army
Many are knights
loayalty
Supposed to king
Loyal to lords
Peasants/Serfs
Most of population
Artisians
merchants
farmers
laborers
Serfs weren't slaves
Manor System
Homes were manor system
System's basic unit
Manor [house]
Tiled floors
Tapestries on walls
Fine furnishing
Church
Center of life
Religious Services
Cared for sick/needy
Village
Mill
Bakery
Forge
Metal turned to tools
Lands with meadows
Forests
Pastures
Farms
Peasants and serfs
Had to pay rent
Hard life
Lifespan of 30 years
If infancy survived
1/6 didn't
Physical labor
No time offs
Sundays/ religious holidays
Diet
Bread
Cheese
vegetables
One room huts
Lord
Judging Court cases
Manages land
Hunting wild game
Diet
Meat
Fish
Bread
Cheese
Fruit
Church and Crown
Batized
arried
Pardoned
Buried everyone
Priest in charge: church
Bishop oversaw groups: churches
Monks
Prayed much of day
Read bibe
Meditated
Helped keep knowledge alive
Power/wealth increase: 1000's
Received free land
Nobles
King John and the Magna Carta
Jhon rose to throne
1199
Ruled
England
1/2 of France
Weakened position
Series: failed expensive wars
Barons took advantage
Common law violate by king
(taxes were raised
Forced John: seal document
Became know: Magna Carta
Great imapct: development: democracy
Foundation of English law
The Crusades
Christianity VS Islam
1095
Muslim rulers seized control: Jerusalem
Done by Selijuks
Attacked Christian Byzantine Empire
Pope Rally Christians against Islam
Christian Army Fought Wars
Wars called Crusades
To reclaim holy land
Motivated to protect Christians
Army
Peasants
knights
Foot soldiers
Achieved victory
1099
Retook Jerusalem
Divide Holy land: 1/4
Four Crusader states
1096
1144
Fought back
Conquered Edessa
(One Crusader state)
1291
Muslims defeated Crusaders
Taken contol of Palestine
Crusades Were over
New pope launched second Crusade
Disaster for Europeans
3 and 4 Crusade were fought
Failed to defeat enemy
Impact
Trade greatly increased
Europe X Eastern Mediterranean
Rise of Merchant class
Further decline of Feudalism
Many Jews were expelled
England
France
War and Plague
1328
King of France died
Edward III wanted the throne
Invade France for throne
Hundred Years war
England X France
Series of wars
English won many important wars
France was hopeless
Joan of Arc gave hope
2 more items...
French peasent girl
Christian saints told her to save Country
1 more item...
English captured/executed her
lasted 116 years
1337-1453
The french won
1453
Technology improvements
Powerful longbow
Archers fire arrows
Could pierce knight's armor
Cannons
Possible: invention of gunpowder
1 more item...
Crowned a Frenchmen instead
Suffered from widespread disease
poor diet
Filthy living conditions
lack of medicine
sicknesses were common
1347
Bubonic plague
Infected rats carried fleas
spread disease to humans
land-sea trade
Asia->Europe->Africa
No one understood the plague
Believed was a punishment from god
Believed Jew poisoned wells
Destroyed entire Jewish communities
1350's
Worst of plague=over
killed 1/3 population of continent
Led to major social/economic changes
End of feudalism
Growth of Towns
Bulbonic plague accelerated movement
Increase of wages
Peasents/sefs left
Applied jobs in towns
Manor system=fall apart
Weekly markets
local produce sold
Town fairs
brought trade goods
Merchant class=traders
craftspeople arose
(shoemakers,silversmiths)
joined to make guilds
help improve/protect working conditionss
Wealthy traders could sit on government councils
wealthy traders=burghers