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The Legacy of the Fourth Crusade (Muslim Near East (relations with…
The Legacy of the Fourth Crusade
Muslim Near East
factionalism
death of Saladin
Sons claimed various parts of his empire
3 centres were Egypt, Damascus and Aleppo
sons al-Aziz and az-Zahir united against other son al-Afdal
al-Afdal turned to uncle al-Adil
Battles between the four 1993-1201
Al-Adil was recognised as Sultan and tried to consolidate territory
Taking constantinople
Muslim fear that franks would use it as a springboard for attacks into muslim land
franks were released of Oaths and just settled in Constantinople instead
relations with Christians in Outremer
neither were in a position to sufficiently defeat the other
there were attacks between the two
Peace treaties went into 1210s
when truce between al-Adil and Aimery de Lusignan broken in 1204 because of piracy they quickly renewed it because didn't want military action
Latin West
expectations
things were going well because Latins ruled Byzantium
Two churches were united
Pope Innocent III believed could still take Jerusalem
Crusading
Western problems would always be priotized over crusading
Byzantine Empire
replaced ruling elite with westerners
March Pact
set out how empire was going to be run
Baldwin gave 600 vassals lordships
territory
a lot of acquired land was not actually conquered
three successor states took place of Constantinople
First was Trebizond + along Black sea under grandsons of Andronikos
second in Epirus took Thessalonica from Montferrats
Third centred around Nicaea and was set up by Alexios III's daughter Anna and husband Theodore
gathered exiles from Constantinople to make Nicaea new centre of Byzantine Empire
then expanded to take Byzantine lands in Asia Minor
reclaimed Constantinople in 1261
Alliance with Bulgarians
Bulgarians had broken away from empire's authority in 1185
would have worked with westerners against the greeks
Baldwin claimed Bulgarian territory
at battle of Adrianople in 1205 combined forces of Greeks and Bulgars almost destroyed the Latin army
captured Baldwin who was never seen again
Baldwin's brother, Henry steadied Latin rule during decade in power
Religion
Warfare
Trade and Knowledge