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Identification and separation of an unknown mixture. (Chemical and…
Identification and separation of an unknown mixture.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Colourless
Narrows possibility of chemicals within the solution, as only four chemicals are clear and non-solid from the given chemical list
Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Soluble with water
Boiling Point – 78.37 °C
Density – 789 kg/m³
Ethyl Butanoate (C6H12O2)
Density – 879 kg/m³
Boiling point – 120-121 °C
Smell - pineapple like odour
Butanol (C4H10O)
The mixture cannot contain the chemical butanoate, as the bottle does not contain the hazard label ...? Hence, another chemical is limited.
Density – 810 kg/m³
Boiling Point – 117.7 °C
Water (H20)
Boiling Point – 100°C
Density – 997 kg/m³
Pentanol (C5H12O)
Density – 814 kg/m³
Soluble with water
Needs 1 litre of water to dissolve at least 20g of pentanol, therefore there is not enough water to have completely dissolved the pentanol solution. However, pentanol is soluble in ethyl butanoate, but since pentanol is semi-soluble in water some may have mixed into the water solution.
Boiling Point – 138 °C
Two solutions are insoluble with one another. One solution is denser than the other, therefore the denser solution goes to the bottom and the lighter solution rises to the top.
Step One:
SEPARATION FUNNEL
What is a separation funnel?
This technique is used for separating two insoluble or immiscible liquids from one another will the concept of unequal densities.
Advantages / Disadvantages
+ =
Can be repeated over and over again, without any solution having been lost.
– =
Mixture is clear, therefore is difficult to determine the two insoluble solutions from one another. Took five attempts to accurately filter and separate the two solutions.
Results
Problems and Errors
A problem that occurred was the two solutions mixed slightly with one each other for pentanol is dissolvable in water, but cannot completely dissolve, as there is not enough water concentration to completely dissolve the amount of pentanol presented. Therefore, some of the pentanol concentration may have mixed into the ethanol and water solution, possibly resulting in inaccurate quantities at the end compared at the start.