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Reason and Ethics (Reason (Baloney Detection Kit (How Reliable is the…

- - - - Two Premises and Conclusion
      - Three terms each of which occur twice
      - Quantifiers
    - - Valid if conclusion follows logically from both premises
      - True if premises are true and argument itself is valid
      - Venn Diagrams show if an argument is valid or not
  - - - Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
      - Ad Hominem
      - Circular Reasoning
      - Loaded Question
      - Black-or-white
      - Special pleading
      - False analogy
      - Appeal to Emotion
      - Slippery Slope
      - Red Herring
  - - - Observed --> Unobesrved
      - Use in everyday life
      - Make inferences from prior experiences
    - - Not very, goes beyond immediate evidence
      - Hasty Generalizations
        
        Confirmation Bias
      - Relevant General Criteria
        
        Number
        
        Variety
        
        Exception
        
        Coherence
        
        Subject Area
- - - - Moral Relativism
      - Moral Inconsistency
    - - Definitional Argument
      - Evolutionary Argument
      - Hidden Benefits Argument
      - Fear of Punishment Argument