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Probability and Heredity (How to Make a Punnet Square (Start by drawing a…
Probability and Heredity
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Probability and Genetics
Punnet Squares
This is a chart that shows all the possible combinations for alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
Genetics use Punnet squares to show all of the possible outcomes of the genetic cross, and to determine the probability of a particular outcome.
In this case, the Punnet square shows a cross between two hybrid pea plants with round seeds (Rr). The allele for round seed (R) is the dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (r). Each parent can pass either of its alleles, R or r, to its offspring. The boxes in the square represent the possible combinations of alleles that the offspring can inherit.
Using a Punnet Square
In is genetic cross, the allele that each partner of pass on to its offspring is based on probability. For example the probability that offspring will be RR is 1 in 4, or 25%. The probability that off spring will be rr is also 1 in 4, or 25%. However Rr shows up in two boxes so the probability of that is 2 in 4, or 50%.
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Phenotypes and Genotypes
An organism's phenotype is its physical appearance, or visible traits. An organism's genotype is its genetic makeup, or allele combination
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Codominance- - is when the allele s are neither dominant nor recessive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in their offspring.
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