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DNA connection (Genetic code (genes and DNA (a DNA molecule is made up of…

- - - - Adenine (A)
      - Thymine (T)
      - Guanine (G)
      - Cytosine(C)
      - these bases form the rungs of the DNA ladder
    - - a gene is a section of a DNA molecule that contains the information to code for one specific protein.
      - a gene is made up of a series of bases in a row.
        
        they are arranged in a specific order.
        
        ATGACGTAC
        
        a single gene can contain anywhere from several hundred to a million or more of these bases.
  - - - proteins are a long chain molecule made of individual amino acids.
    - - CGT - cytosine-guanine-thymine
        
        always codes for the amino acid alanine
      - the order of the three base code determines the order in which the amino acids are put together to form protein.
- - - - Ribonucleic Acid
    - - DNA has two strands RNA only has one strand.
      - RNA contains a different sugar from DNA
      - they have different nitrogen bases.
        
        DNA contains Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
        
        RNA contains Uracil
  - - - messenger RNA
        
        copies the coded message from the DNA to the nucleus and then to the cytoplasm
      - transfer RNA
        
        this carries the amino acids to to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein.
  - - - the production of proteins is called protein sythesis
- - - - this kind of mistake can go all the way back to an organisms heredity
      - if a mutation occurs in a body cell such as a skin cell the mutation will not be passed on to the organisms offspring.
      - if the mutation occurs in a sex cell it can be passed on to an offspring.
    - - mutations are any change in a gene or chromosome
      - mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis.
      - the term mutation comes from the latin word that means change.
  - - - this type of mutation can happen during the DNA replication process.
    - - when this happens a cell can end up with too many or too few chromosomes.
  - - - if it reduces an organisms chances of survival or reproduction.
    - - helpful
      - harmful
        
        the white lemur is a harmful mutation because while it doesn't affect the DNA in its environment it becomes more visible making it more easily hunted.
    - - antibiotic resistance to bacteria