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Divvy Group #7 (Blanchett (Historical Analysis of Brown's Relationship…

- - - - “(b) provide an analysis of the challenges that students with disabilities, African American and students of color, poor students in urban schools, and students affected by all three have historically experienced in their quest to receive a free and appropriate education in the American educational system” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 372).
        
        “(c) provide a discussion that illustrates that special education is the new tool for the re-segregation of African American and other students of color in special education”
        
        “(d) provide a discussion of who the real beneficiaries of failed urban schools are and why they resist providing an equitable education to all children” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 372).
        
        “(e) provide specific examples of what it means to go for broke in calling out educational inequities and advocating for African American and other students of color, poor students, students with disabilities, students in urban settings, and students affected by all of these factors and issues” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 372).
  - - - “Moreover, African American students with disabilities have experienced double jeopardy in the American educational system” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 373).
    - - “PARC v. the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972) guaranteed special education services to children and youth with mental retardation” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
        
        “However, the decision in this case did not address educational provisions for children with disabilities other than mental retardation” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
        
        “The victories in these cases set the stage for the principle of normalization for individuals with disabilities, now known as the disability rights movement” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
        
        “The concept of normalization was based on the idea that individuals with disabilities have the right to participate in all aspects and facets of life, including the right to be educated in public schools, to have access to their peers without disabilities, to live in their communities versus institutions, and to develop the skills needed to work and engage in recreational activities” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
    - - “Section 504 has been hailed as the first major legislative step toward securing and protecting the rights of individuals with disabilities because it was the first piece of legislation to define a disability, to prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability in the public sector, and to provide educational services to students with disabilities” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
        
        “The ADA has been credited with extending civil rights protection to individuals with disabilities and mandating appropriate accommodations and modifications in both the private and public sectors” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 374).
        
        “Although all of these legislations have brought about great positive changes for individuals with disabilities, IDEA is acknowledged as the single most important education legislation for students with disabilities because it guarantees the students’ right to (a) a free and appropriate public education; (b) the least restrictive environment or placement; (c) an individualized education program; (d) appropriate and nondiscriminatory evaluations; (e) parental and student participation in decision making; and (f) procedural safeguards” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 375).
  - - - “Currently, more than 6 million children enjoy a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment with a number of legal and procedural safeguards including due process, parental involvement, and individualized education plans” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 378).
  - - - “Many of their teachers and instructional staff hold graduate degrees, receive higher salaries, and have access to state-of-the-art technology and science labs, and the schools have accelerated, honors, and/or Advanced Placement curriculum, newer or renovated physical structures, and a waiting list of teachers who would like to become employed with the school” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 381).
  - - - “By this, I mean that like special education, urban school districts too have been used by our society to re-segregate African American and other students of color and poor children in general” (Blanchett, 2009, p. 382).