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Water Resources and Usage (Freshwater Availability (Water Table: The top…
Water Resources and Usage
Ground Water and Aquifers:
Aquifers and Groundwater are precious resources.
Ground Water
Advantages:
Exists almost everywhere.
Drinking and Irrigation.
Cheaper to extract.
Renewable if overpumped.
Disadvantages:
Pollution will last for decades.
Some aquifer aren't renewable.
Sinking of land.
Depletion from over pumping.
Problems caused by over pumping.
Increasing poverty and civil rest.
Saltwater seeping.
Inequality.
Land subsidence.
Solutions to depletion.
Subsidize water conservation.
Limit number of wells.
Use water efficiently.
Freshwater Use:
Fails when overload with pollutants and withdraw from freshwater faster than it replenishes.
Environment: Water pollution affecting species and ecosystems and excessive withdrawal less water available.
Economy: Threats to food production and economy.
Less water source access for people to drink.
Virtual Water: Used for food production and other products.
Freshwater Availability
Water Table:
The top layer of groundwater.
Unconfined Aquifers:
Water seeps directly above aquifer.
Ground Water:
Precipitation that soaks into the ground and sinks downwards through spaces until stopped by rock.
Confined Aquifers:
Rock layers prevent water to seep into the aquifer above ground.
Artesian Well:
Doesn't require a pump to bring water to surface.
Increase Freshwater Availability
Water transfers from rich water areas to poor water areas (aqueducts).
A lot of water leaks in the transfers system and lost due to evaporation.
Ecosystems were water was taken from are degraded.
Communitaties might have to move to if water is being transfer from theirs.
Dams and Reservoir Systems will control the water usage and generate income thought the river will be degraded.
Desalination: removes dissolved salt from ocean water.
Chemical use.
Waste salt.
High cost.
Sustainable Use
Stop water subsidies
Improve irrigation efficiency.
Reduce water waste irrigation
Reduce water waste in industries and homes.