Anger management assumes that the offender's inability to control their anger is the root cause of offending. Raymond Novaco (1975) suggests that some offenders are more likely to see certain situations as threatening and stressful , and this leads them to react aggressively or violently, rather than rationally. The offender's appraisal of a situation acts as the trigger for anger, and so is cognitive in nature. From a behaviourist perspective, anger is reinforced by the offender's feelings of control that anger gives them in that situation. Therefore, we can see that anger results from cognitive and behavioural problems, so treatment needs to tackle both.