Child-Social and Behavioral Socialization Outcomes
Self-Regulation of Behavior
is the ability to regulate or control one’s impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate time, place, or object is available for expression
Self-regulatory skills are significantly related to inhibiting antisocial or aggressive behaviors and exhibiting prosocial or altruistic ones.
Behaviors
antisocial behavior any behavior that harms other people, such as aggression, violence, and crime.
prosocial behavior any behavior that benefits other people, such as altruism, sharing, and cooperation
Antisocial Behavior: Aggression
Evolution
Genetics
Neuroscience
many people with pathological aggression go undiagnosed.
Social cognitive theories
Learning theory
The basic principle of learning theory is that actions are contingent on consequences— behavior that is reinforced (rewarded) will be repeated; behavior that is not reinforced (ignored or punished) will cease (but may be suppressed).
information Processing theory
the way an individual attends to, perceives, interprets, remembers, and acts on events or situations
Sociocultural theories
Peers
Community
Prosocial Behavior
Altruism
Children learn altruistic behavior from the actions of others via learning theory (consequences and modeling), instruction, and learning by doing.
Morals and Morality
Encompass an individual’s evaluation of what is right and wrong. They involve acceptance of rules and govern one’s behavior toward others. Breaches of morals provoke consequences, as well as judgmental and emotional responses
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Moral Development
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Self-regulatory difficulties may be symptomatic of conduct disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or depression.
As children mature and develop, their morality changes. Infants and toddlers do not distinguish right from wrong.
Not only does children’s maturation influence their moral codes, but so do intelligence, motivation, the need for approval, self-control, and the particular situation
Influences on Moral Development
Age of the child
Judgment of the Situation
Cultural orientation
temperament
Self-control , Self-Esteem
intelligence and Education
Emotions
Gender Roles and Sex Typing
refers to the qualities individuals understand to characterize males and females in their culture.
Development of Gender Roles
sex typing classification into gender roles based on biological sex
Thus, biology and socialization practices interact to produce the variety of sex-typed behaviors observed within and between males and females