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Personality (Values (Importance (lays down foundations for understanding…

- - - - half a standard deviation more conscientious and emotionally stable - inaccurate :red_cross:
      - mood can affect results
      - hiring decisions
      - Observer Ratings Surveys
      - Self Reports Surveys
- - - - Sensing vs Intuitive (S/N)
        
        Sensing - practical, prefer routine and order
        Intuitive - rely on unconscious processes
      - Thinking vs Feeling (T/F)
        
        Thinking - use logic and reason to handle problems
        Feeling - rely on personal values and emotions
      - Extroverted vs Introverted (E/I)
        
        Extroverted - outgoing, sociable, assertive
        Introverted - quiet and shy
      - Judging vs Perceiving (J/P)
        
        Judging - want control and prefer order and structure
        Perceiving - flexible and spontaneous
  - - - Agreeableness
        
        lower levels of deviant behaviour :check:
        
        lower levels of career success :red_cross:
        
        higher performance :check:
      - Extroversion
        
        higher performance :check:
        
        enhanced leadership :check:
        
        higher job and life satisfaction :check:
        
        more impulsive :red_cross:
        
        more likely to lie :red_cross:
        
        more likely to be absent :red_cross:
      - Conscientiousness
        
        develop higher levels of job knowledge :check:
        
        more able to maintain high job performance in presence of adverse supervision :check:
        
        prioritise work over family - conflict :red_cross:
        
        too focused on work to help others :red_cross:
      - Emotional Stability
        
        good life satisfaction :check:
        
        low stress :check:
        
        can adapt to unexpected or changing demands in the workplace :check:
      - Openness to Experience
        
        more adaptable to change :check:
        
        enhanced leadership :check:
        
        training performance :check:
      - EXHIBIT 5-2 FOR MORE
    - - Agreeableness
        
        cooperative, warm, and trusting
        propensity to defer to others
      - Extroversion
        
        gregarious, assertive, and sociable
        comfort level with relationships
      - Conscientiousness
        
        responsible, organized,
        dependable, and persistent
      - Emotional Stability
        
        calm, self-confident, and secure
        ability to withstand stress
      - Openness to Experience
        
        creative, curious, and artistically sensitive
        addresses range of interests and fascination with novelity
  - - - tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when actions cause harm
      - use of hard influence tactics
      - work place bullying
    - - lack of empathy
      - exploit situations
      - the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement
      - experience more anger
      - more hypersensitive and fragile
      - more charismatic than others
      - more effective leaders
    - - degree to which individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance and believes that end can justify means
      - manipulate more
      - less persuaded by others
      - win more
      - lose gains in long term
      - ethically compromised
    - - borderline - low self esteem and high uncertainty
      - schizotypal - eccentric and disorganised
      - antisocial - indifferent towards others
      - obsessive compulsive - perfectionists and can be stubborn
      - avoidant - inadequate and hate criticism
- - - - considerable adaptability
      - can have striking contradictions between public and private personae
      - pay close attention to behaviour of others and can conform better
      - less committed to organisations but perform better and more likely to emerge as leaders
  - - - like themselves and see themselves as effective and in control of their environment
      - set more ambitious goals, more committed to goals and persist longer in attaining them
      - provide better customer service and more liked as coworkers
      - thrive in organisations with high CSR
- - - - Consistency
        
        extent to which cues regarding work duties and responsibilities are compatible with one another
      - Constraints
        
        extent to which individuals’ freedom to decide or act is limited by forces outside their control
      - Clarity
        
        degree to which cues about work duties and responsibilities are available and clear
      - Consequences
        
        degree to which decisions or actions have important implications for the organisation or its members
    - - myriad rules and tightly controlled processes can be dull or demotivating :red_cross:
      - suppress the creativity, initiative, and discretion prized by some organizational cultures :red_cross:
      - appropriate balance required
- - - - A theory that identified six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover
      - 6 Types
        
        Social
        
        Conventional
        
        Investigative
        
        Enterprising
        
        Realistic
        
        Artistic
- - - - Masculinity vs Femininity
        
        Masculinity
        
        the degree to which the culture favours traditional masculine roles such as achievement, power and control rather than viewing men and women as equals
        
        Femininity
        
        the culture sees little differentiation between male and female roles and treats women as the equals of men in all respects
      - Uncertainty Avoidance
        
        the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them
      - Individualism vs Collectivism
        
        Individualism
        
        people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of a group
        
        Collectivism
        
        people expect others in groups of which
        they are a part to look after them and protect them
      - Long term vs short term orientation
        
        Long Term Orientation
        
        emphasises future, thrift and persistence
        
        Short Term Orientaiton
        
        emphasises present and accepts change
      - Power Distance
        
        a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society that power in institutions and organisations is distributed unequally