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Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling (POLC) (Leading (the process…
Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling (POLC)
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Leading
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Trait theories- leaders born and cannot be trained.
Behavioural theories- not born, but trained, focus on task vs focus on people
Contingency- ability to read and adapt, (leader- member relations, task , power) employee readiness.
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Controlling
The control process
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Correct actual performance: Immediate corrective action corrects problems at once to get performance back on track. Basic corrective action looks at ‘how’ and ‘why’ performance deviated prior to taking corrective action
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Planning helps to define an organisation's goals, as well as establishing an overall strategy for achieving such goals. By developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities, it helps both ends (goals) as well as means (strategies) come together to create efficient and effective plans.
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- Work specialization
- Deportmentalisation
- Chain of command
- Span of control
- Centralisation/de-centralisation
- Formalisation
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Mechanistic
- High specialisation
- Rigid department
- High chain of command
- Narrow span of control
- High formalisation
- Centralised
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Organic
- Cross functional terms
- Cross hierarchical terms
- Free flow of information
- Wide span of control
- Low formalisation
- Decentralisation
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- Breadth (strategic/operational)
- Time frame (long-term/short-term)
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- Degree of specificity (directional/specific)
- Frequency of use (single use/standing)
The process of monitoring, comparing and
correcting work performance
The importance of planning correlates with the direction and goals it is able to produce. By reducing uncertainty, minimising waste and redundancy, an increase in planning results in an increase in organisational performance, however this is still moderated by the external environment.
A combination of approaches (i.e. personal observation, statistical reports, oral reports, and written reports) increases both the number of input sources and the probability of getting reliable information
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Control criteria - employee satisfaction,
turnover and absenteeism rates, budgets
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