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Feudalism & The Middle Ages Laila Ahmed Period 6 History (Charlemagne,…
Feudalism & The Middle Ages Laila Ahmed Period 6 History
Charlemagne
Lived C. 742-814
First king of Western Europe
Strongest ruler
Frankish King 768
Battled many tribes
Slavs
Lombard
Saxons
He succeeded
Established new laws
To keep order
Appoint officials
Took care of subjects
Wanted to strengthen Christianity
Founded schools
Protected the weak
Christian
Killed Non-Christians
Spread Christianity
Defender of Pope
Helped Leo
Leo crowned him emperor
Happened Christmas
H.R.E. 1st Emperor
'Guardian of Christianity'
Strengthened Churches
Feudal Society
Charlemagne
H.R.E. Divided
Frankish rule became weak
Battle for power
Kings couldn't control kingdoms
Feudalism started
800's
Kings shared lands
Towards Lords
Protected Vassals for service
Vassals paid taxes
Organized own army
Were also soldiers
Called Knights
Rode on horseback
Worked for Lords
Lesser Noblemen
Loyal towards king
Status Pyramid
Serfs
Worked land
Need permission from lord
To marry
Travel
Own property
Worked as artisans
Not slaves
Could buy freedom
Church Officials/Noblemen
And/or lords/vassals
Had more power
King
Inherited their positions
Knights
Guarded castles etc.
War and Plague
William conquered England
Became king
Norman kings attacked him
Lead to rivalry
France and England
King of France died
People claimed another king
Edward III wanted to be king
Fought against France for the throne
Hundred Year's War
English had victories
Joan of Arc
Had several claims
One was to save her country
Impressed Charles, the ruler
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English captured her
Aided with new weapons
Used longbows
Changed European Warfare
Disease
Caused poor diet, illness
Bubonic Plague
Spread through rats
Came from trade routes
Many didn't understand it
Believed it was a punishment
Believed Jews caused it
Killed 1/3 of Europe
Brought end to feudalism
King John & the Magna Carta
King John
English King
William
Invaded England
Established monarchy there
Controlled England, 1/2 or France
Weakened because of wars
Barons took advantage
Believed John violated the common law
Law of equal treatment
Forced John to agree
Magna Carta
Limited King's Authority
Had an impact on democracy
Foundation of English Law
Son later ruled
Angered nobles
Wanted to limit his power
Came together to form a parliament
Manor System
Homes included
Manor
Walled-in
Belonged to lord
Had a manor house
Churches
Villages
Had mills, bakeries
Forge
Tools were made
Farms, meadows, forests,
Farms were divided
To the lord
Church
Center life for manor
Had religious services
Helped ill
Priest helped children
Peasants worked for free
Peasants/Serfs
Farmed lord/own land
Payed lord rent
Labor
Peasants/serfs
Lived 30 years, (Avg.)
Children
If survived, performed labor
Had strict diets
Got time off
Used lord's permission
Lived in dirt huts
Visited manor rarely
Lord
Lived in manor
Dined in large halls
Growth of Towns
Bubonic Plague accelerated movement
Desperate employees
Wanted more money
Many left the manor
Manor system fell apart
Towns had markets
Sold goods
Merchant class of traders
Burghers
Could be governers
Craftspeople gathered to form guilds
Helped protect working conditions
Kings regained authority
Payed for armies
Medieval Europe
Middle Ages
500-1450
Germanic Tribes Ruled
Region Divided
Several Kingdoms
Lots of Wars
Couldn't keep locals safe
Kingdoms Thrived
Iron Weapons
Lots of Weapons
Kingdoms thrived
Moderate Climate
Rich Soil
Farmers grew crops
Forestlands
Lots of wood
Mountains provided a lot
Minerals-Iron
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For building
Coastlines
Lots of fish
Converted to Christianity
Western Europe
No trade
Poltical Changes
German Tribes
Didn't like trade
Franks
Powerful Kingoms
Didn't have large governments
No written laws
Followed King's tradition
Lived in small villages
Trade disappeared
Cities disappeared
Church & Crown
Roman Catholic Church
Strongest force
Religious leaders
Clergy'
Popes lead it
Included bishops/priests
Bishops ruled several
Had towering churches
Cathedrals
Priest ruled one church
Dominated lives
Serfs-Kings
Would be baptized
Married
Pardoned/Buried
Christians
Lived in monestaries
Religious communities
Monks lived in monestaries
Prayed
Read the bible all day
Made copies of text
Kept knowledge alive
Became center of learning
Church increased in 1000's
Recieved free land
Kings regained authority
Weakened feudal system
Lead to power struggle
Kings vs Church
Henry IV
Became second H.R.E. Ruler
Ruled multi-ethnic territories
Wanted his priests to be bishops
Pope Gregory VII disagreed
Shut out Henry IV
Forced Henry to back down
Lifted the ban
Regained control
Crusades
1095
Pope condemned invaders
Rallied Christians against Islam
1096
Christians fought in wars
Series called Crusades
Many joined for victory
1099
Army retook Jerusalem
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Slowed spread of Islam
Urbans, or Muslims
Condemned Seljuk Turks
Seized control in Jerusalem
Happened in 1071
Made pilgrimage impossible
Holy Land
Included Jerusalem and surrounding
Attacked Byzantine Empire
Fought against spread of Islam
Had an impact on Europe
Increased trades
Decline of feudalism
After, Jews were expelled
Iberian Peninsula
Their greatest expulsion
Muslims conquered most
1000's, Muslim rule declined
Christian declared war
King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella
punished Non-Christians
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Defeated Muslim rulers
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