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Feudalism in the Middle Ages by Mr. Quigley (Feudal Society (Feudalism…
Feudalism in the Middle Ages by Mr. Quigley
Medieval Europe
Rome Fell 476 CE
Started "Middle Ages"
500-1450 CE
From Latin
medium = middle
aevum = age
Germanic tribes conquered
divided into small kingdoms
many thrived thanks to
mountains gave minerals
iron for weapons
crops & livestock
moderate climate
rich soil
abundant forestland gave lumber
water
possible trade routes
fish
sea
rivers
governments got stronger eventually
almost constant war
safety/security challenges
somewhat united by Christianity
Pope
stayed in Rome city
Led Christianity
Franks
Clovis first converted
many subjects did too
spread Christianity's influence
Conquered Roman Gaul 486
Clovis first converted (Franks)
most not before 500 CE
Saxons
Angles
Jutes
destroyed towns
not interested in trade
killed people
no huge Roman army
No strong central government
Franks tribe
obeyed traditions of king
no large central gov.
no written laws
small villages
worked land
tended herds
Previously united Europe
caused W. Europe change
large cities disappeared
trade disappeared
Charlemagne
Frankish King
Year 768
Natural Leader
Vision for his Reign
United Germanic Kingdoms
Had to Battle
The Slavs
The Lombards
The Saxons
Eventually Succeded
During Battle
Administrated his Kingdom
Established New Laws
Kept Order
Appointed Officials
Ran Faraway Regions
Yearly
Called Officials to Check
Kept Tabs on Them
Took care of SUbjects
The Saxons
Death Punishment for Non-Christians
Proved he's Ruthless
Slaughtered 4,000+ Saxons
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Helped Spread Faith
Determined to Strengthen Christianity
He was a Christian
Loyal Pope Defender
Pope Leo III
Passed Laws
Chipped Away Noble's Power
Rebelled Against Them
Year 800
Crowned Charlemagne Emperor
Expressed Graditude
Christmas Service
The Roman Leader
Holy Roman Empire
First German Emperor
Guardian of Christianity
From His Passion
Strongest Leader in Western Europe
Accomplishments
Founded Schools
Protected Weak
Weren't Harmed by Injustice
Died in 814
Feudal Society
Everyone Knew Their Place
Feudalism
800s
Kings
Western Europe / England
Weak on Defending
Protected
Their Subjects
Political System
Social System
Their Land
Noblemen got Land
Noblemen are Lords
Lords Granted Land Away
Called Fiefs
Gave to Lesser Noblemen
Called Vassals
Paid Taxes for Land
Pledged Military Service
Organized Armies
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Protected by Lords
Exchanged for Service
Usually Loyal to Kings
Switched Allegiance
Loyal to Lords
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Social Order
Pyramid Structure
Order
King
Church Officials / Noblemen
Lords and some Vassals
Feudal Society
Third Class
Majority of People
Manor System
Manor
System's Basic Unit
Walled In
Self Contained World
Land belongs to Lords
Typical Manor
Manor House
Church
Village
Provided Buisnesses
Mill
Bakery
Forge
Metal Tools were Made
Land with Meadows
Forests
Pastures
Farms
Divided to Strips
One for the Lord
Rest for Peasants and Serfs
Laborers Farmed Both Strips
Paid the Lord Fees
Covered what they Used
The Manor
Woods
Meadows
Life
Peasants and Serfs
Hard Life
30 Years Lifespan
If they survive Infancy
1/6 Children don't Survive
Adults had Labor Work
Hard and Tough
Diet
Bread
Cheese
Vegetables
Had Time Off
Free Sundays
Religious Holidays
Attended Fairs and Markets
With Lords Premission
Lord
Comfortable Living
Lived in Manor House
Tiled Floors
Wall Tapestries
Fine Furnishings
Jobs
Judged Court Cases
Hunted Wild Game
Diet
Meat
Fish
Bread
Cheese
Fruit
Large Dining Room
Church and Crown
Role of the Church
Christianity
Extraordinary Power
Middle Ages
Roman Catholic Church
Dominated Lives
From Cradle to Grave
Strongest Unifying Force
Many Services
Baptized
Married
Pardoned
Buried
Promised Things
Good People = Heaven
The Wicked = Punished
After Death
Religious Leaders
Oversaw Ceremonies
Formed the Clergy
Led by the Pope
Included Bishops and Priests
Power and Wealth
Started Increasing
1000s
Received Free Land
Came From Nobles
Kings Regained Authority
Growth of Towns
Growth of Trade
Weakened Feudal Structure
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King John and the Magna Carta
King John
Powerful English King
1066
William
Duke of Normandy
Region in France
Invaded England
Established Strong Centralized Monarchy
Rose to the Throne
1199
Ruled England
Ruled Half of France
(Present Day)
Weakened his Position
Expensive Wars
Series of Failing
Taken Advantage Of
Local Barons
Staged Rebellion
Raised Their Taxes
Kind Violated Common Law
Established in 1100s
Ensured Equal Treatment
1215
Barons
John Sealed a Document
Magna Carta
Didn't Benefit the English
Guaranteed Certain Rights
Impact on Democracy
Foundation
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Representative Government
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Or the "Great Charter"
Meant to be Contract
Limited his Authority
Forced by the Barons
Crusades
Urban Condemned People
Seljuk Turks
Attacked the Byzantine Empire
Eastern Half
Asked for help
The pope helped out
Rallied Christians
Went against Islam
1906
Christian Armies
Fought the Crusades
Series of Wars
Reclaim Holy Land
Motivated to protect Christians
Fighters
Knights
Foot Soldiers
Peasants
Achieved Victory
1099
Army Retook Jerusalem
Divided the Holy Land
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Short Lived Triumph
1144
Muslims Fought Back
Conquered Edessa
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The Second Crusade
Europeans
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Third and Forth Crusade
Failed to Defeat
Muslims Defeated Crusaders
1291
Crusades are Over
Muslim Rulers
Control of Jerusalem
1071
Takeover
Christian Pilgrimages
Holy Land
Included
Jerusalem
The land around it
Called Palestine
Almost Impossible
Sacred to
Jews
Muslims
Christians
War and Plauge
War Roots
Before 1300s
William
Duke of Normandy
Conquered England
1066
Became King
Ruled
Tense Relationship
England and France
Powerful Countries
Fought for France Territory
Fought for King
1328
King of France Died
Edward Wasn't Crowned
France Nobleman was Crowned
1377
Invasion
Edward Invaded
Tried to Claim Throne
Hundred Years War
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John of Arc
French Pleasant Girl
Claimed Information
Talked to Christian Sainys
Had to save Country
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The English
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1453
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Growth of Towns
1000
People Moved to Towns
Accelerated by Plauge
Bubonic Plauge
Killed Lots of People
Third of Workface
Became Desperate for Wages
Attracted Workers
Died from the Plauge
People Left the Manor
Peasants
Serfs
Left for Jobs
Manor System Fell Apart
Towns
Welcome Change
New People Came In
Job Openings
Weekly Markets
Sold Local Produce
Town Fairs
Trade Goods
Lots of Places
Middle Ages
Kings Regained Authority
Taxed the Towns
Earned Money
Used Money for Armies
Brung Peace and Stability