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Data analysis- Types and Descriptive Statistics (Measures of Central…
Data analysis- Types and Descriptive Statistics
NUMBER OR LETTER?
Qualitative data- Data expressed in words and a non numerical form. EX: Transcript from interview or recording of counselling session.
EVALUATION
Offers a larger richness of detail. Broader scope and allows development of thoughts. Therefore it has good external validity. However it is difficult to analyse, and can include lots of meaningless dialogue. Furthermore, it relies on subjective interpretations of what is being said.
Quantitative data- Data in a numerical form
EVALUATION
Simple to analyse. Much more objective so less prone to investigator bias. However lacks detail and doesn't allow an insight or elaboration to the individual participant. May be too narrow to represent real life
PRIMARY OR SECONDARY
Secondary data- Collected by someone that hasn't conducted the research. Can include located data from journal articles.
EVALUATION
Inexpensive and easily accessible. After examining it, may lead to a researcher to not need to conduct their own research. However, content may not match researchers need. Also info can be outdated or unreliable.
Primary data- Original data that has been collected specifically for purpose of investigation by the researcher. Found by conducting of an experiment.
EVALUATION
Authentic data obtained for purpose of the specific experiment. They can specifically target the information that the researcher requires.
However, it requires time and effort for the researcher. Requires planning and resources.
Measures of Central Tendency
Median= middle value in data set. Extreme scores won't affect it. Also easy to calculate, but all values are not considered.
Mode= Value that appears the most. Easy to calculate. However doesn't always represent the data. Only thing that can be used for non numerical data (such as ones favourite dessert).
Mean= Average. Represents the whole of the data but can be easily extorted by extreme values.
Measures of Dispersion
Range- Spread of scores. Highest value-Lowest value. However range may not give a fair representation of the general spread.
Standard Deviation- Tells us how far scores deviate from the mean. The larger the SD the larger the spread is. Much more precise, and includes all values in final calculation.