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Prions (https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/prions/…
Prions
Alzheimer's, parkinsons, and huntington's disease are all characterized by the formation of a misfolded protein into amyloid fibers which leads to neurodegeneration.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the most prevalent of the diseases occuring in 1 of 1,000,000 people, 10% of cases are inherited mutations and typically affect people aged 50-75 with symptoms like dementia, twitching and vision problems but ending in coma and death
While normal diseases get variety from having original genetic material prions vary by the way the protein is folded
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Fatal Familial insomnia is a specifically inherited form that strikes people typically aged 36-61 that disrupts ones sleep cycles leads to coma and eventually death
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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy AKA mad cow disease causes cattle to behave strangely and is spread by rendering but can transfer to people by eating nervous tissue and causes V-CJD in humans
Chronic Wasting Disease is an infectious disease in wild deer and elk primarily in the united states and causes drooling, difficulty swallowing and weight loss
Kuru is a disease caused by eating infected brain tissue that causes muscle weakness, loss of coordination, tremors, random outbursts of laughing or crying and was originally transmitted by ritual cannibalism in new guinea.
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A 250 amino acid functional protein is responsible for nearly all cases of prion diseases simply by changing its shape
Some prions are used in yeast to transfer encoded genetic material in proteins through cell membranes instead of transfer by nucleus
Prions build in the brain and cause explosive cell death (apoptosis) eventually which leads to its spongiform appearance
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