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Steps in research process (step 4: choice of theoretical approach, Step 2:…
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application:
The research is based on quantitative methodology which uses questionnaire, experiments as a form of data collection.
In the article they used self administered questionnaires that consisted of 93 questions which was completed between 20-60 minutes and were translated into 6 languages.
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Experiments/tests: if any of the students smoked on one or more days in the 30 days preceding the survey.
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Cluster sampling, different groups are identified within the population divided into 9 provinces.
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application:
Techniques of gathering data being mainly questionnaires, observations, tests and experiments
According to (Bogdan and Biklen, 2003).
therefore the theoretical approach is Positivist.
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application
descriptive statistical analysis, it gathers,sorts and summarize data in form of tables.
application
the level of underage sale of cigarettes is very high however programmes and policies and be implemented to control tobacco use, these policies and programmes can help develop refusal skills against pressures to smoke and reinforce non smoking attitudes.
theory
it is the identification of an area of interest and it indicates if there is a problem that needs to be solved also looks if theres a gap in what has to addressed.
theory
development of a research question identifies the research topic to be studied, it also hepls narrow the research down to specific aspects of the topic that will be focused on.
theory
it recognizes which data analysis method is suitable for the data being researched and which methodology was used to gather data.
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theory
explains which method is to be used to collect data, leading to which probability sampling will be suitable for the research.
theory
approches that are used to guide your methodology and informs interpretation, comprehension and research practice on a given research to study.
theory
according Onwuegbuzie, Collins et al. (2010), literature review is defined an interpretation of a selection of relevant published or unpublished information that is available on a particular topic.
application
the list of references at end of the researvh e.g information that was published by the department of health and tobacco amendment act.
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