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Haematologic disorders (Sickle cell anemia (diagnosis (abnormal sickle…
Haematologic disorders
Sickle cell anemia
pathophysiology
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder of the hemoglobin in blood. Sickle cell anemia requires the inheritance of two sickle cell genes. Sickle cell trait, which is the inheritance of one sickle gene, almost never causes problems.
definition
is an inherited form of anemia a condition in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid and sticky and are shaped like sickles or crescent moons.
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diagnosis
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The hemoglobin electrophoresis test precisely identifies the hemoglobins in the blood by separating them.
Prenatal diagnosis (before birth) of sickle cell anemia is possible using amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.
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hemolytic anemia
definition
is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells, either in the blood vessels intravascular hemolysis or elsewhere in the human body but usually in the spleen
pathophysiology
Hemolysis can be due to hereditary and acquired disorders. The etiology of premature erythrocyte destruction is diverse and can be due to conditions such as intrinsic membrane defects.
signs and symptoms
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Yellowish skin, eyes, and mouth (jaundice)
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iron deficiency
definition
is a common type of anemia a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues. As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron.
pathophysiology
a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen hemoglobin.
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signs and symptoms
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Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath
Headache, dizziness or lightheadedness
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Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or starch
Poor appetite, especially in infants and children with iron deficiency anemia
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