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Stages of Movement Skill learning (Cognitive stage (absolute beginner)…
Stages of Movement Skill learning
Autonomous stage (automatic)
The learner has the
ability
to
teach themselves
.
The teacher can use
quite complicated verbal feedback
as the learner is
capable of understanding it.
Has
spare attentional capacity
(SAC)
Can
concentrate on other things e.g. in a team game the performer can
concentrate on tactics**.
The learner does not have to
concentrate on performance
and seems to perform
automatically
.
The leaner can make
greater use of kinaesthetic feedback information
.
Performer:
Can perform with
great skill
and
fluency
.
Knows
how to
complete
the skill.
The teacher should ask the learner to
try
and
remember how correct movement felt.
Cognitive stage (absolute beginner)
Has
limited attentional capacity (LAC)
Has
no
attentional capacity to use
intrinsic feedback.
So
can't cope with information
therefore
instructions should be short/brief and to the point.
Too much information will only
confuse the learner.
Learner can be
easily overloaded
by
attentional demands of the task
as they have to use
all
of their
concentration.
Learning takes place through
trial and error
The learner needs to know what to do
Performer will be:
Many mistakes
Often jerky
At a low level
Lacking in coordination
Need a
mental picture
of the movement.
Demonstrations/ visual information
best helps the learner gain a
mental picture.
The teacher uses
verbal cues to highlight correct sequencing of the movement
e.g. Teacher says 'now' to initiate the correct timing of the movement.
Learner can use
extrinsic feedback
at the end of performance but has
no LAC to use intrinsic feedback.
As the learner has little idea of what is the correct performance so the teacher may use
manual guidance
(physically manipulate the learners limbs into the correct position.
Associative stage (fault correction)
Attentional demands are not as great
as the
cognitive stage of learning.
Learner needs to
know
how to
complete
each stage of the movement. The teacher may break the skill into parts and practice each part separately
(Part learning)
.
Performer will be able to use
kinaesthetic feedback.
Teacher will:
Use
demonstrations
to
highlight correct technique, timing
and use
verbal feedback
to
correct faults
.
Need to
encourage
learner to
maintain motivation
.
Performer has:
But still makes
mistakes.
Learner will
know
when they made a
mistake.
Overall picture
of movement
Definition
-In order to learn a new skill the learner will pass through 3 distinct phases before achieving mastery of the skill.
3.1.2.3