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Lymphatic & Immune System Julianna Soto Period 2 (Anatomy of the…
Lymphatic & Immune System Julianna Soto Period 2
Major functions of the
Lymphatic & Immune systems;
Functions
protect the body
help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials
transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body
Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system
Formation of white blood cells
Adaptive/acquired immune defenses
consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response.
protection from an infectious disease agent that is mediated by B- and T- lymphocytes following exposure to specific antigen, and characterized by immunological memory.
Innate/natural immune defenses
defenses against infection that can be activated immediately once a pathogen attacks
Physical Barriers - such as skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the nasopharynx, cilia, eyelashes and other body hair.
Anatomy of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic capillaries
vessels where interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system to become lymph fluid. Located in almost every tissue in the body, these vessels are interlaced among the arterioles and venules of the circulatory system in the soft connective tissues of the body
cisterna chyli
a sac-like chamber that receives lymph from the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs by way of the left and right lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk.
right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from only the upper right side of the body.
thoracic duct
lymph from the rest of the body enters the bloodstream
lymphatic trunks
The superficial and deep lymphatics eventually merge to form larger lymphatic vessels
antigens and antibodies;
antibodies
immunoglobulins, Y-shaped molecules are proteins manufactured by the body that help fight against foreign substances
antigens
any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies
can be bacteria, viruses, or fungi that cause infection and disease.
humoral vs. cellular response;
humoral
antibody-mediated immunity
deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells
cellular response
occurs inside infected cells and is mediated by T lymphocytes
pathogen's antigens are expressed on the cell surface or on an antigen-presenting cell
Helper T cells release cytokines that help activated T cells bind to the infected cells’ MHC-antigen complex and differentiate the T cell into a cytotoxic T cell. The infected cell then undergoes lysis.
disorders of the Immune system.
immunodeficiency
constant danger of infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Autoimmune
Rheumatoid arthritis
swelling and deformities of the joints. An auto-antibody called rheumatoid factor is in the blood of some people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Lupus
attacks body tissues, including the lungs, kidneys, and skin. Many types of auto-antibodies are found in the blood of people with lupus.
Type 1 diabetes
The immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Insulin removes sugar from the blood to use as energy.
Asthma.
response in your lungs can cause coughing, wheezing, and trouble breathing.
Eczema
An allergen causes an itchy rash known as atopic dermatitis.