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Ch 19 Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells (Origin of Eukaryotic Cells…

- - - - dna is naked
    - - dna is elaborately packaged
  - - - no nucleus
  - - - lack membrane bound organelles
        
        cytoplasm has mainly ribosomes and storage granules
    - - have nuclei and mitochondria
  - - - plastids and mitochondria arose as prokaryotes that were living symbiotically within an early eukaryotic cell
    - - gave rise to red algae, green algae, and glaucophytes
    - - produced other lines of algae
    - - clade of organisms with the synapomorphy of having two different types of flagella
    - - microtubules parallel to the plane of the new cell
      - new wall formation
- - - - cells adhere loosely
      - cells are similar
    - - cells lose their flagella
    - - cells are held tightly together by middle lamina and cells divide transversely
    - - orientation of cell is divisions controls that new walls occur in two planes
    - - cells divide in three planes
    - - karyokinesis occurs without cytokinesis
  - - - alternation of generations between haploid and diploid
    - - specialization occurs in that only one free-living generation
    - - type of plant life cycle which a diploid spore-forming plant gives rise to haploid gamete-forming plants
      - similar=isomorphic
      - dissimilar=heteromorphic
    - - isogamous
        
        identical
      - anisogamy
        
        slight differences
      - oogamy
        
        later evolved
    - - gametes are produced here
    - - spores made here
      - megasporangia or microsporangia
  - - - Chlamydomonas
        
        simplest chlorophytes
    - - gonium
    - - ulothrix
    - - spore capable of swimming
    - - ulva
    - - Derbesia
    - - charophytes
        
        group of green algae is the sister group to true plants
  - - - charophytes, embryophytes, and most recent common ancestor
- - - - region between low tide and high tide
    - - storage product of brown algae
    - - ends of branches
    - - small cavity where sperm and egg are produced
    - - resemble sieve tubes