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Lymphatic & Immune System - Cristina Medina p.2 (Disorders (Congenital…
Lymphatic & Immune System - Cristina Medina p.2
Lymphatic System
Function: returns fluids that have leaked from the vascular system back to the blood
Lymph nodes that cleanse the lymph as it passes through them
A meandering network of lymphatic vessels: elaborate networks of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream
Lymph capillaries
Collecting lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic trunks
Lymphatic ducts
Lymph, the fluid contained in those vessels: Once interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it is called lymph
Spleen: the site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response; extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood, its macrophages remove debris and foreign matter
MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues): a set of distributed lymphoid tissues strategically located in mucous membranes throughout the body
Thymus; where T lymphocytes become able to defend us against specific pathogens in the immune response.
Immune System
Function: a functional system whose components attack foreign substances or prevent their entry into the body
Cellular response (cell-mediated immunity): living cells (the lymphocytes themselves) provide the protection; has cellular targets—cells infected with pathogens, cancer cells, cells of foreign grafts
Humoral response (antibody-mediated immunity): is provided by antibodies present in the body’s humors; antibodies circulate freely in the blood and lymph, where they bind primarily to extracellular targets, inactivating them temporarily and marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement
Antigens
anything that provokes an immune response, such as bacteria and their toxins, viruses, mismatched RBCs, or cancer cells; ultimate targets of all adaptive immune responses.
Complete antigens have the ability to stimulate specific lymphocytes to proliferate and the ability to react with the activated lymphocytes and the antibodies released by immunogenic reactions
Disorders
Congenital thymic aplasia: immune deficiency disease in which the thymus fails to develop
Eczema: several conditions that cause “weeping” skin lesions and intense itching
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: autoimmune disease in which both B and T lymphocytes attack the thyroid gland
Immunopathology; Disease related to the immune system
Septic shock (sepsis) A dangerous condition in which the inflammatory response goes out of control
Innate (nonspecific) Defense System: always prepared, responding within minutes to protect the body from foreign substances; has 2 barriers- the first line of defense consists of surface barriers and second line of defense relies on internal defenses
Adaptive (specific) Defense System: attacks identified foreign substances with a 3rd barrier- takes considerably longer to mount than the innate defense response