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Medieval Europe By Emily Ellis Period 7 (Charlemagne (A Mighty Ruler…
Medieval Europe By Emily Ellis Period 7
Charlemagne
A Mighty Ruler
became king in 768
new laws
natural leader
united Germanic Tribes
strongest leader, Western Europe
appointed officials, far lands
founded schools
strengthen Christianity
A Christian Empire
wars
spread Christianity
Unite empire
death to non Christians
defender to the Pope
Pope Leo III
Charlemagne: crowned king of the Romans
guardian of Christianity
rebelled in 800
Holy Roman Empire
Charlemagne; died 814
strong Christian empire
Feudal Society
A New System
kings: couldn't defend empires
feudalism
gave land to lords
lords gave land to vassals
vassals
swear loyalty to king
swore loyalty to lords
lords protected vassal's family
lords became supreme ruler, of territory
land called fiefs
A New Social Order
Top king
church officials & noble men
lords and some vassals
knights; third class
peasants and serfs
Serfs
little money
worked for lord
lords got what they produced
shelter and protection
allowed to buy freedom
little education and money
Manor System
Life of the Manor
Peasants and Serfs
average lifespan; 30 yrs
preformed labor if survived
1/6 didn't survive infancy
diet
bread
cheese
vegetables
Sundays; religious holidays
living conditions
huts w/ dirt floors
if allowed they could attend fairs and markets
Lord and Family
lived in manor house
tiled floors
fortified walls
tapestries
fine furnishings
large dining hall
diet
meat
fish
bread
cheese
fruit
A Self-Contained World
Peasants and Serfs
Manor
walled land, belonged to lord
manor house
Church
a church
village
mill
bakery
forge
metal worked into tools
land
meadows
labors paid for use
forests
laborers paid for use
pastures
farms
multiple strips
lord
church
peasants and serfs
laborers paid rent to lord
paid for everything they used
War and Plauge
War Between England and France
William; Duke of Normandy conquered England
vassals to French Kings
French and English kings; powerful
competed for territory
1328
Edward II, thought he should succed French King
Nobles crowned Frenchman instead
1337, invaded France
Began 'Hundred Years War'
conflicts, not wars
1337-1453
Joan of Arc
Christian Saints commanded her to lead an army
New weapons
longbow
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cannons
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Disease Spread Over the World
poor diet, filthy living, lack of medicine
sickness more common
1347
bubonic plague spread through Europe
infected rats, fleas
land and sea routes
caused by flea bites
Christians; believed Jews caused the plague
destroyed Jewish towns
many deaths
social & economical changes
King John and the Magna Carta
The Great Charter
King John
part of long line of kings
1066
Took throne; 1199
ruled England and 1/2 of modern France
Weakened by expensive, lost wars
Barons took advantage
staged rebellion
1215; Magna Carta
King John placed seal
Great Charter
limited king's authority
thought that raised taxes violated common law
William, Duke of Normandy
invaded England; established monarchy
A Step Toward Democracy
Magna Carta
no benefit individual rights
foundation of English law
1258
Henry III
angered nobles
council of 15 men
Paliment
Edward I
1295 first parliment
Church and Crown
The Role of the Church
Roman Catholic Church
role in people's lives
baptized
married
pardoned
buried people, after death
Strongest Unifying force
Clergy
lead by pope
contained bishops and priests
priest; 1 church
bishops; multiple churches
exercised authority from cathedral
monestaries
monks
prayed and read Bible
lived in monestary
helped keep knowledge alive
centers of learning
Struggle for Power
church
power and wealth increased 1000s
Kings regain former power
largely because of town growth
weakened feudal system
struggle between King and Church
struggle started 1075
King Henry IV
next in line for emeror
ruled multi-ethnic group
would last till 1806
priests --> bishops
Pope Gregory VII
claimed his religious decisions
thought his decision
shut Henry out of Church
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Crusades
Battle for Palestine
1095
Pope Urban II
waged war against Muslims
claimed they "invaded holy land"
fought spread of Islam
Condemned Seljuk Turks
seized control of Jerusalem
Pope; chance to stop Islam
rallied Christians
attacked Christian Byzantine Empire
Jerusalem
Sacred Land
Muslims
Christians
Jews
Crusades; wars to reclaim Holy Land
peasants, knights, foot soldiers; joined fight
1099; reclaimed Jerusalem
Muslims fought back
1144 captured Edessa
1291; Muslims defeated Palestine
crusades over
A Spanish Crusade
Crusades
trade increased
Europe and eastern Mediterranean
rise of merchant class
Europe; decline of feudalism
Hostility to non-Christians
killed Jews in Europe
after crusades
greatest expulsion effort
present-day Spain & Portugal
Muslims conquered entire peninsula; 700
rule weakened 1000's
Christian Kings revolt
Reconquista; war
King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella
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achieved goal
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Jews exiled England & France
Growth of Towns
Economic Opportunities Arise
wages increased; little workforce
serfs and peasants, left manors
Towns
weekly markets
fairs, trade goods
Merchant Class
traders
craftspeople
shoemakers or silversmiths
wealthy town dwelling merchants
burghers
Guilds
improve working conditions
The Middle Ages End
kings regain power
taxing towns
earned money through tax
paid army
army brought peace and stability
Europe
cultural changes
economic and political changes
traders contact Islam and Byzantium
preserved Greek & Roman Philosophers writing
people eager for knowledge
new age; creativity
Medieval Europe
Rome Fell 476 CE
Started "Middle Ages"
500-1450 CE
From Latin
medium = middle
aevum = age
Germanic tribes conquered
divided into small kingdoms
many thrived thanks to
mountains gave minerals
iron for weapons
crops & livestock
moderate climate
rich soil
abundant forestland gave lumber
water
possible trade routes
fish
sea
rivers
governments got stronger eventually
almost constant war
safety/security challenges
somewhat united by Christianity
Pope
stayed in Rome city
Led Christianity
Franks
Clovis first converted
many subjects did too
spread Christianity's influence
Conquered Roman Gaul 486
Clovis first converted (Franks)
most not before 500 CE
Saxons
Angles
Jutes
destroyed towns
not interested in trade
killed people
no huge Roman army
No strong central government
Franks tribe
obeyed traditions of king
no large central gov.
no written laws
small villages
worked land
tended herds
Previously united Europe
caused W. Europe change
large cities disappeared
trade disappeared