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GP2 Ch2 Semiotics Localized manifestation (Nodule結節 (Deeper palpable…
GP2 Ch2 Semiotics Localized manifestation
Macule斑疹 or patch
Def
Staining, spot or, in general, any area distinguishable for its color
10 mm in any diameter they are called patches
Papule丘疹 and Plaque
Palpable, elevated lesion
can happen in an part o the body
Papule
丘疹是一個局限的，堅實的皮膚高度，沒有可見的液體，面積從針頭到1厘米不等。它可以是棕色，紫色，粉紅色或紅色
a discrete離散 elevation of skin ≤ 1 cm diameter
Plaque
raised area of skin with flat top
usually >1 cm in diameter.
Nodule結節
Deeper palpable growth
similar to a papule
having significant depht (into dermis真皮 or even subcutaneous 皮下layer)
usually >1 cm in diameter
皮膚內部或皮膚下的固體，升高的組織或液體區域。 肌腱和肌肉可能會因受傷而形成結節。 聲帶也可能發展結節。 結節通常是良性的並且通常是無痛的，儘管它們可以影響器官的功能。
Maculopapular lesion
Lesion that is at the same time palpable and colored.
conforming a rash
measles麻疹
rubella德國麻疹
Telangiectasia毛細血管擴張
A dilated, superficial blood vessel
Hives or urticaria蕁麻疹
Def
common disorder
same in acute or chronic
charateristic
edematous
pink to erythematous plaques
whitish halo白色暈 around margin.
pruristic瘙癢
蕁麻疹經常在感染後或由於過敏反應（例如藥物， 昆蟲叮咬或食物）而發生
Cause
autoimmune
drugs
allergic
Cyst囊腫
It is collection of a fluid surrounded by an epithelium.
Types
Maxillary cysts
Epithelial
Odontogenic
Development
Gingival cyst of newborn新生兒牙齦囊腫
Primordial cyst原始囊腫
Folicular cyst卵泡囊腫
Eruption cyst
Lateral periodontal cyst側牙周囊腫
Adult gyngival cyst
Odontogenic glandular cyst牙源性腺體囊腫
Inflammatory
Residual
Paradental
Radicular神經根
Non odontogenic
Nasolabial cyst鼻唇溝囊腫
Nasopalatine cyst鼻腭囊腫
Non- Epithelial
traumatic cyst(trama in bone)
Aneurismal bone cyst動脈瘤性骨囊腫(fill with blood , fluid)
Stafine ́s Bone cyst
Radicular or peripheral cysts根尖或根尖週囊腫
odontogenic cyst derived from Cell Rests of Malasez
surrounding the tooth there is some cell inflamed by germ
proliferate in response to inflammation.
Most common cyst in oral cavity.
If the infection near the lower dental nerve , patients fell weird in the lips
Blister, vesicle or bulla
Vesicle:A small (≤ 1cm) fluid-filled blister
Bulla:A larger (>1 cm) fluid-filled bliste
Blister
Def
attemp to cushion the underlying skin tissue
from further damage during the healing process
.緩衝下面的組織，保護它免受進一步的傷害並使其癒合。
Cause
Bad-fittingshoes
Friction摩擦
Scalds or burns 燒傷時的鱗片
Severe sun burn
Allergic reaction to irritants
Fungal skin infection
Viral skin infection
Type
Intraepidermal bulla
Subepidermal bulla
Subcorneal bulla
Pustle
A visible accumulation of pus in a blister
Erosion侵蝕
An area of skin denuded剝落 by complete or partial loss of the epidermis
Ulcer(Deep erosin)
An area from which the epidermis and at least the upper part of the dermis have been lost
Comparison
benign< 2 weeks
malignant > 2 weeks
Fissure
A slit-shaped deep ulcer
Fistule
Abnormal communication
between lumen of one space to the exterior (external fistula外瘺)
between lumen內腔 of one space and lumen of another (internal fistula內瘺)
Crust
Dried exudate of blood or serous fluid漿液
Scale
A flake arising from the stratum corneum角質層
Hyperkeratosis角化過度
角化過度是角質層 （ 表皮的最外層）增厚，通常與異常量的角蛋白
Hyperplasia of the stratum corneum
example
Precancerous-lesions: range from flat plaque-like whitish patches to warty lesions疣狀病變
Lichen Planus
Erythematosus or atrophic
buccal mucosa,tongue and gums
Only discomfort
Erosive or ulcerative糜爛或潰瘍
painful
Reticular
symmetric relation in both sides
in buccal mucosa
little symptomatology很少的症狀
Net-like(white srips)
Often surrounding to erithematous and erosive lessions.
Shiny, flat-topped violaceus papules