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water resources and usages (ground water and aquifers ((inequality, as…
water resources and usages
ground water and aquifers
unconfined aquifers
are those into which water seeps from the ground surface directly
confined aquifers:
impermeable dirt/rock layers exists that prevents water form steeping into aquifer from the ground surface located above.
aquifers:
is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated material
inequality, as water tables drop it cost more to drill deeper and pump water up
saltwater seeping into costal area aquifiers
increasing poverty and civil unrest, limits on food production and rising food prices
land subsidence
Over Pumping Aquifers
:
freshwater use and availability
earths hydrologic cycle recycles, purifies and distributed freshwater around the world.
ground water, precipitation soaks into ground and sinks in soil, gravel and rock
top layer of this is called water table
fresh water in these underground spaces is called ground water
only 0.024% of the water supply is readily available to us as liquid freshwater stored in lakes, rivers, streams,and caves.
ecosystems begin to fail when overloaded with water pollutants and the withdraw of fresh water from underground
increasing fresh water availability
dams
the purpose of a dam is to capture and store the surface runoff from a rivers watershed, helps control floods, and generates electricity.
Dams bring problems such as:
upriver gets flooded
reservoirs aren't useful for long
downriver gets dramatic decrease in water
desalinization
is the process of removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish waters in aquifers or rivers.It is another way to increase supplies of fresh water.
water transfers
heavy populated areas of the world have tried to solve shortage of water by transferring water-rich areas to water-poor areas.
fresh water being used unsustainably
withdraw fresh water from underground and surface water supplies faster than natural process replenish it
Earths most important natural capital is freshwater but is the most poorly damaged
overload of water pollutants
problems caused by unsustainable water use
global health has estimated that each day an average of 4,100 people die from infectious diseases.
equality and poverty just 52% of the world has water piped, the rest have to find it from dwells or sources
national and global security increasing tensions within nations over the access of limited water
use freshwater sustainably
organic and polyculture farming to retain soil moisture
grow less thirsty crops
irrigate at night
use drip irrigation: improving efficiency, commonly used in less developed countries since its expensive.