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Year 9 Chemistry (States Of Matter (Changes of state (Heating (Solid ->…

- - - - Solid -> Liquid
        
        Melting
      - Liquid -> Gas
        
        Boiling
      - Solid -> Gas
        
        Sublimation
    - - Gas -> Liquid
        
        Condensating
      - Liquid -> Solid
        
        Freezing
      - Gas -> Solid
        
        Vapour Deposition
    - - Doesn't need to be heated (natural process)
      - The heat from the surface is transferred to the liquid on top giving them enough kinetic energy to escape thus cooling the liquid then the object
  - - - Uniform, close together, vibrating slowly, strong force between particles, cannot be compressed, fixed shape
  - - - Still close together, not uniform, cannot be compressed, shape can change, slide over each other, looser bonds
  - - - Spacious and free, weak bonds between particles, can be compressed
- - - - Fractional
        
        A lot more temperature stages
        
        More complex substances can be separated
        
        Lower boiling point solvent turns into a gas rises. It goes through fractionating column and according to the boiling point exits through the tube and the water jacket around it cools the gas back down into a liquid
      - Simple
        
        Lower boiling point solvent turns into a gas rises. It goes through tube and the water jacket around it cools the gas back down into a liquid
        
        Left with two different substances
    - - Method
        
        1) Draw pencil line and place the solvent on it
        2) Place the paper in a cup of water (water not going above the black line)
        3) Wait for 1 minute and draw circles on each of the sections and then compare
      - Moves up page because the solvent is soluble in the liquid e.g. water
      - Separates the solvent into different components
      - The lighter molecules travel further up the page than the heavier molecules
    - - Method
        
        1) Solution is heated up
        2) Liquid will boil and the solute will be left behind
        or
        2) Liquid evaporates and the solute will be left behind
    - - Separates the the sediment from the solution
      - Method
        
        1) Place filter paper in a funnel and put the funnel on a conical flask
        2) Pour the mixture down the conical flask
        3) A solution with no sediment should appear in the conical flask
- - - - Solute disolved in solvent
    - - Solid part of solution
    - - Liquid part of solution
    - - If something can be dissolved in a liquid
    - - The mass of a solute that can be dissolved in 100g of water at 25•C
        
        Factors effecting Solubility
        
        Temperature
        
        Gives solvent more energy to break down the solute
        
        Amount of solvent
        
        The more solvent there is the more solute can be broken down
    - - Leftover solute that has not dissolved
    - - No more solute can be dissolved in the solvent