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Types of Chemical Reaction (Substitution Reaction (Two products are formed…
Types of Chemical Reaction
Substitution Reaction
Replace elements by other element or gp
Starting reactants: alkanes, alkyl halides, aryl halides
Halogens or NaOH
Two products are formed
monosubstituted alkane
hydrogen halide
1-Formation of Alkyl Halides: Alkane + Halogen -> Alkyl halides + H-hydrogen
2-Formation of Alcohol
. Alkane + Hydrogen -> Alkyl halide
. Alkyl halide + NaOH -> Alcohol + iconic salt
2 reactants and 2 products
formation of alkyl halide: Alkane + Halogen (X2) -> Alkyl Halide
formation of alcohol: 2 reactants (Alkyl halide+ NaOH) and 2 products (Alcohol and salt)
How to prepare an alcohol from a hydrocarbon using substitution reaction
Hydrocarbon + Diatomic Halogen-> Halocarbon + acid
Halogen + Base-> Alcohol + Salt
Elimination Reaction:
changes alkane to alkene or alkene to alkynes
2 adjacent carbons remove their atoms and an additional bond will be formed
Types
Dehydrogenation reaction
Dehalogenation reaction
Dehydration of alcohol
removal of H2O
Addition Reaction
Add new atoms without removing any other atoms
Types
hydration reaction
hydrogenation
monohalogenation reaction
dihalogenation reaction
reactant MUST be an alkene
1-alkene ---> alcohol (hydration) action with water
2- alkene ---> alkane (hydrogenation) (+H2)
Oxidation & Reduction Reaction
Oxidation
adding oxygen OR removing halogen
Reduction
removing oxygen & adding halogen
Condensation Reaction
acid+alcohol----->Ester+H2O(removal of H2O from 2 large molecules)